M1.(a) All the fish / all the species / all the populations / all the organisms;
Must indicate all / every species.
Reject answers that suggest other fish / organisms might be
present.
1
(b) (i) 1. Capture sample, mark and release;
2. Appropriate method of marking suggested / method of marking
does not harm fish;
2. E.g. Cutting a fin / attaching a tag / paint/marker.
3. Take second sample and count marked organisms;
3. May be awarded from equation if not given here.
4.
4. Accept any valid alternative to equation or answer
expressed
as a ratio.
3 max
(ii) One suitable reason;
Accept other valid answers, which must, however, relate to
breeding / only works if population constant.
E.g. population increases / changes (between first and second sample)
1
(c) 1. With different mouth eats different food / has different way of feeding /
specific mouth shape for specific food;
1. Catches more food and gas exchange are neutral
2. Competition between species / interspecific competition is reduced;
2. Reject intraspecific
2
[7]
M2. (a) Two marks for correct answer of 59/60 ((28 x 38) / 18);;
Page 1
, Cardinal Newman College
One mark for incorrect answer clearly derived from figures of 18, 28
and 38;
Ignore: any figures after decimal point.
2
(b) (i) Population changes;
Reject: population decreases
As young birds leave nest/join population;
Reject first point if (young) birds are leaving
population/migrating
2
(ii) (Would be likely to) catch all birds (again) in second
sample/sample sizes are the same;
Neutral: references to breeding
Birds (in territories and) not mixing with population;
Accept: idea of the population is divided
Only estimates number of birds in territories sampled/territory
sample not representative (of population);
2 max
(c) (Recording) DNA/base sequence is like marking
(animal)/wouldn’t need to mark;
(Finding identical/same base sequence) would show animal has
been caught/recorded before;
2
[8]
M3. (a) use of random numbers to place quadrats;
number of individuals counted in large number of quadrats;
little variation random, large variation - clustered;
3
(b) new plants grow attached to parent;
1
(c) less competition;
Page 2
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