Summary
Summary BTEC Applied Science: Unit 9 Learning aim C
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Human regulation and reproduction, learning aim C, Distinction grade level references included
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The female reproductive systemFallopian tubes are tube light structures within the female reproductive system that
help transport over from the ovary into the uterus each month. They can also
sometimes be known as oviducts or uterine tubes. The fallopian tubes transfer the
fertilised egg into the uterus for implantation when there is a presence of sperm.
Ovary- They are oval-shaped glands positioned on either side of the uterus that
produces eggs. The glands produce both eggs and hormones, which include
oestrogen and progesterone. The ovaries release eggs during ovulation.
Uterus- After the egg is released from the ovary, fertilised and implanted into the
uterus. The primary function of the uterus is to nourish the foetus and house it before
birth, and a muscular organ that helps to protect the foetus.
Fimbriae- these help transport the egg from the ends of the fallopian tube to the
ovaries to the uterus. The fingerlike extensions attach to the ovary.
The endometrium is the uterus's inner lining, which is mucosal tissue.
Cervix is a muscular structure that can dilate during childbirth; it also dilates during a
person's period. It also produces mucus which changes throughout the cycles.
The vagina is a muscular tube lined with nerves and mucus membranes that runs
from the rectum to the bladder. Furthermore, the top portion of the vagina connects
the uterus and cervix. The bottom section of the vagina, on the other hand, is open
to the outside world. As a result, the vagina can play three critical roles. Provide a
pathway for blood from the uterus during monthly menstruation, accept the penis
during intercourse, and provide a gateway for childbirth. Even though it is only about
9cm long, the vagina can enlarge, broaden, and swell with blood as it prepares to
take the penis or give birth.
Labia-The labia minora are two thick cutaneous folds that are part of the vulva of a
woman. The primary function of the labia minora is to protect and surround the
external genital organs. Following puberty, pubes pigmented skin, oil-secreting
glands, and coarse hair cover the outer sides of the labia folds. The inner sides of
the labia folds, on the other hand, are smoother, with less hair and traces of sweat.
(1-6)
,The male reproductive system
The epididymis- Is a long, coiled tube that transports and stores sperm from the
testes. It is a curved structure on each testis's posterior (rear) margin. It's divided into
three sections: the head, the body, and the tail. The epididymis' body resembles a
long, twisted tube that allows sperm to mature properly. The function of the head is
to secrete sperm until it is mature enough to undergo maturation. The tail of the
epididymis connects to the vas deferens, which act as a portal for sperm cells to
travel to the ejaculatory duct.
Seminal vesicles- These are one of two elongated saclike glands found in male
mammals that secrete fluid into the ejaculatory ducts. The seminal fluid is mainly
made up of seminal vesicle secretion. The primary function of the seminal vesicles is
to produce and store fluid in the proper environment for each sperm cell's proper
functioning and survival.
Cowper's glands are pea-sized glands located beneath the prostate gland in the
male reproductive system. They produce a thick, clear mucus before ejaculation,
which drains into the spongy urethra. Furthermore, the Cowper's gland is responsible
for producing a prostate antigen.
Prostate gland-In males, the prostate gland is located just below the bladder and
covers the upper portion of the tube that drains urine from the bladder (urethra). The
, prostate's primary function is to produce the fluid that nourishes and transports
sperm seminal fluid. The prostate muscles assist in forcing the sperm firmly into the
urethra, where it can be released outwards during ejaculation.
The testes,- Also known as testicles or male gonads, are located in the scrotum, a
pouch of skin behind the penis. The testes can move freely in the scrotum, but they
are attached to the body wall by a thin thread called the spermatic cord, which runs
through a hollow in the pelvis and into the abdomen. The testes are in charge of
sperm production and testosterone production, which is the primary male sex
hormone. Seminiferous tubules are coiled masses of tubes found within the testes.
These tubules are in charge of producing sperm cells through a process known as
spermatogenesis.
The penis-The male sex organ, the penis, grows the most during adolescence. In
addition to its sexual function, the penis serves as a route for urine to exit the body.
Scrotum -It's a skin flap that holds and protects the testicles. For the testicles to
produce sperm, their temperature must be lower than that of the rest of the body. For
this reason, the scrotum is located outside of the body.
The vas deferens- is a long, tubular structure that runs from the epididymis to the
pelvic cavity beyond the bladder. The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the
urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
Erectile tissue-During sexual excitation, blood pours into and fills their empty areas,
expanding their fibrous tissue. Blood is temporarily held in the penis because blood
vessels that generally allow it to flow out are constricted. The corpora cavernosa and
corpus spongiosum, which supply blood to the erectile tissue, enlarge. The enlarged
arteries cause increased blood flow to these erectile areas.
(7-14)
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