Exam (elaborations)
Dement and Kleitman
- Module
- AS Psychology
- Institution
- Moulton College
Revision mind-map of the Dement and Kleitman.
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BackgroundREM sleep (rapid eye movement) was named after the darting eye movements that occur
during this stage (measured by EOG- electrooculogram). It is associated with the experience
of dreaming, it is characterised by a lack of muscle tone (which results in temporary paralysis)
this explains why you sometimes can’t move in a dream.
Aims/Hypothesis IV, DV and Controls
To investigate the IV- whether the participants were woken in REM sleep or
relationship between NREM sleep.
eye movements and DV- whether they report a dream or not (responses to the 3
dreaming. Qs). Results of the EEG scan (more activity was shown in
To demonstrate that REM sleep)
dream experiences Controls- slept in a sleep lab. Went to sleep an hour before
and REM activity are normal sleep time so their normal sleep pattern was not
two parts of the disturbed. All participants slept the same time (6hrs) to
same thing. make it fair. All participants were asked to obtain from
Design
Sample
Repeated measures design.
Experimental sessions were 9 adults were studied, 5
repeated many times. of them were studied
mire intensively.
Dement
Magui Sampling Method
Method and
Lab experiment. Kleitman
Basic Procedure
Participants were awoken in REM and NREM sleep and asked to record the details of any
dreams on tape. Participants were told to eat normally and avoid alcohol and caffeine
containing drinks on the day of the experiment. Electrodes were attached around the
participant’s eyes to measure electrical activity and eye movement using electrooculogram
(EOG). Electrodes were attached to the participant’s scalp to record brain waves using EEG to
measure the depth of the sleep. The participant then went to sleep in a quiet darkened room.
At various times during the night participants were woken by a bell placed by their head. The
awakenings were done either during a REM period or after REM activity had stopped. On
Conclusions
Showed that dreaming is accompanied by REM activity. It cannot be stated with complete
certainty that dreaming doesn’t occur at other times. The few instances of NREM dreaming
can be best explained by assuming that the memory for a dream persisted for some time and
thus appeared to occur during NREM sleep.
Previous research had found REM activity to be absent in some participants but Dement and
Kleitman suggest that this may have happened because REM periods occurred between when
the samples were taken or that REM activity was minimal because the dreams were about
distant activities.
It seems reasonable to conclude that an objective measurement of dreaming may be
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