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Unit 3 Health Psychology- B2 Physiological addiction £2.99
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Unit 3 Health Psychology- B2 Physiological addiction

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Notes that helped me to achieve a distinction star. Created using the mark scheme, the Pearson 2017 Applied psychology book and extra notes made in class.

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  • October 9, 2022
  • 16
  • 2021/2022
  • Lecture notes
  • Porstmouth college
  • All classes
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By: jodiemait • 1 year ago

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TeeBott04
B2 Physiological addiction
● Smoking biological approach- Genes and dopamine
● Smoking learning approach- Classical and operant conditioning

● Alcohol cognitive approach- self medication model
● Alcohol learning approach- operant conditioning

, Smoking biological approach (genetic predisposition)
● Genes may be a risk factor for nicotine addiction (may have a genetic predisposition to smoking)

● Genetic predisposition- Certain gene variants occur more often in people who experience addiction
● People with these gene variants is at greater risk for developing an addiction than someone who doesn’t ie. they
have a genetic predisposition to addiction


● It doesn’t mean they definitely will, but risk factors increase the likelihood even more

● especially if there are lots of risk factors around them (friends/ family who use smoke and starting to smoke at a
young age)

● Vink found: smoking initiation is caused by 44% genetic factors, 56% environmental factors
Maintenance and relapse

● A person may continue smoking because of the genes they have inherited

● Vink found: nicotine dependence = 75% genetic factors, 25% environmental factors

, Smoking biological approach (dopamine receptors)
● Dopamine is the brain's ‘pleasure and reward chemical’

● Nicotine attaches to dopamine receptors in the VTA (ventral tegmental area) in the reward pathway-
which triggers dopamine release in the NA (Nucleus accumbens) which gives smokers a
pleasurable buzz

● Nicotine molecules are able to attach to these dopamine receptors- when a smoker starts the
molecules reach the receptors very quickly which triggers release of dopamine from the nucleus
accumbens (NA)

● The feeling of pleasure the smoker receives (the buzz) is rewarding because of the dopamine
release- so smoking is continued

● Smokers continue smoking to avoid withdrawal symptoms (an example of negative reinforcement-
the removal of something negative to strengthen a behavior)

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