Table summarising all key points in the approaches topic in Psychology. It includes the strengths, limitations, issues and debates as well as the main knowledge and key researchers or case studies
Behaviourism Uses scientific methods of We develop as a Pavlov’s classical -scientific method of -animal research -too
understanding behaviour result of experiences conditioning and research used deterministic
(anti-Freud movement) (genes play no part) - Skinner’s rats - operant -application for phobias -focuses on
Tabula Rasa “blank conditioning -reduce reoffending the role of
slate” (token economy) nurture
Social learning Behaviour is learnt from stimulus->response Bandura - learning -evidence to support -demand -soft
theory environment by observation Attention, retention, through observation and -application for gender characteristics due deterministic
(modelling, identification, motor reproduction, consequences of role roles to controlled -nurture
imitation, vicarious learning) motivation models behaviour on experiment
imitation
Cognitive The mind actively processes Cognitive Case study - Clive -applications in the field -interactionist
information from our senses - neuroscience is the Wearing had a brain of crime (eyewitness (nature and
internal mental processes study of the influence tumour as a result of a testimonies) nurture)
which can be studied by of brain structures on viral infection and -applications for -machine
inference; schemas are mental processes - retrograde amnesia, treatments for reductionist
knowledge packages but can fMRIs and PET scans semantic + episodic depression approach
distort interpretations of can systematically affected but could play -backed up by scientific
sensory information and can observe mental the piano (procedural research
explain stereotypes; computer processes was intact)
model
Biological Genotype: genetic make up Neurochemistry: Adrian Raine 52% -reliable methods of -nature
occurs at conception imbalance of concordance rate for MZ research (brain scans) -reductionist
Phenotype: neurotransmitters delinquents and 21% for -applications for -too
physical/behavioural can alter behaviour DZ twins psychopathology deterministic
characteristics, product of (serotonin and (depression, OCD,
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