Notes on the different types of bearing strata, types of soil (cohesive and non-cohesive) and its characteristics, internal stresses in the ground, types and causes of differential settlement. This is followed by the introduction to different domestic foundations - shallow and deep foundations.
Strata/Stratum:
Layers of diff. types of soil/subsoil beneath the ground
Diff. capacity to bear loads TOP-SOIL
Vary in water retention o Surface layer
Vary in movement o 100mm-300mm deep
SUB-SOIL
o All layers beneath top-
Bearing Capacity: soil
The ability of soil to support applied loads that are acting on it.
Bearing Pressure: Unit of force used: kN
Pressure on the sub-soil caused by the building load.
Bearing Strata:
2 Types of Soil:
Cohesive soil (sticky)
- Clay or silts – bonds making water cling
- Contains large volumes of water – slowly loses water
when loaded
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