These notes cover the second part of the CCEA GCE AS module 1 course (Units 1-7) and were written by me last year to prepare for my AS Chemistry exam in which I got an ‘A’ grade. They are handwritten using GoodNote. This set of notes covers redox reactions, the halogens, titrations and qualitat...
Reducing agent:
substance which loses elections
by routing them t
orother substance.
(Reding agent
is
itself OxIDISEDS
reducing agent above, let to
Copper.(I]ions
Zinc the
eg. as it
·
is
gives
Otiching substance which
gon's
electrons
by toting them
·
agent:
from
other substance.
(Otising agent
is
itself REDUCED).
Copper (II) is they takes the zinc.
oiling agents above,
·
are the as 2
from
Oxidation States 1.7
Oxidation state is has
goind/lost
·
the number
a measure
of of a
compound/in
loss
pastic aid state
·
-
of
oil state.
negative
a
·goin of
·
Anconbined elevers are ALWAYS ZERO (0)
ofe: iron oic O
eg: strategy
=
·
fc0: iron (1) Otice: once state th
of
·
fezG =
iron (II) otide =
oid state
of
the
Patrick Davis, 2022
, Oxidation States 2. 1. T
Calculating Oxidation states:
·
1) In an uncombine element, did
state = O
2)The and strates andale
(componend change (eg. neutral 0 Sop=-2).
sum in = =
Less vitation state.
electronegative politics
4) .
Some element
always have state: the see
Group I
hydrogen (excepthyrides) + 1
·
=
I
Hydides
·
-
Group I alwoys +2.
· =
Group I always +3.
· =
Ogen usually 2 xcept persides 5D one f2O(+2).
·
=
-
in
fluorine:
always I
· -
Chlorine
Usually except compounds with Off where it
·
positic
= -
in is t
variable de 5 O ad ->
being more
elatonegatic
finding Oxidation stres:
·
eg.
Chromium in
Cro
x + 2 =z =22-8=== =>L6 (always inte +/-
Disproportination 1.7
element
Disproportination: Motion were the sous
similiceously
·
a
pidised and reduced
tigh
O
kept
-
It I -
I
Cez + zon -ce-
eg. Reduced,
Oudised =
Did Strate choice: decreased
from 0 to -1, forming Ction
·
a
of
·
Oic. State other clonic: inversal from 0 to +1, forming CIO-io
of
a
Roman Numerals 1.T
·
Roman Numerals: oitation state unknown element in
compound.
y
Chorate (I) =
C10- (1=+1)
eg.
chborate (v) =
<105 (C1=+5).
Patrick Davis, 2022
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