What is Temperament? - (answer)-Biologically influenced individual differences in
emotion-related and other behaviors; shows consistency across situations (within the
same child); show some degree of stability over time
Specific Temperament Dimensions - (answer)-Fearful distress/behavioral inhib...
what is temperament answer biologically influenced individual differences in emotion related and other behaviors shows consistency across situations within the same c
PSY 423 Final Exam
What is Temperament? - (answer)-Biologically influenced individual differences in
emotion-related and other behaviors; shows consistency across situations (within the
same child); show some degree of stability over time
Specific Temperament Dimensions - (answer)-Fearful distress/behavioral inhibition,
irritable distress/distress to limits/anger, surgency, effortful control
surgency - (answer)-includes level of positive emotionality, activity level, and impulsivity
Effortful control - (answer)-includes level of attentional and behavioral control
Measurement of Temperament - (answer)-questionnaires and structured observation
questionaires - (answer)-typically completed by parents, child care providers, or
teachers; advantages include parents observe behaviors in a variety of situations over
time, can assess many temperament dimensions at the same time, efficient (cost and
time); disadvantages include bias
Structured Observation - (answer)-advantages: greater objectivity, greater control over
conditions of observation
disadvantages: less efficient, limited range of contexts in which children's behavior is
observed, more difficult to study multiple temperament dimensions simultaneously
Example of Structured Observation in different domains of temperament - (answer)-1.
Fearful distress/behavioral inhibition: Expose infant/child to unfamiliar, ambiguous
stimulus (e.g., remote-controlled spider or robot) or to an unfamiliar person 2. Irritable
distress/Anger: Prevent infant/child's access to something they want, such as a toy or
treat
3. Effortful control:Put children in situations where behavioral and/or attentional control
is required (Delay of gratification tasks, Games such as Simon Says)
Stability of Temperament - (answer)-measures of temperament obtained neonatally or
in the first several months of life are only weakly or inconsistently associated with later
measures of those dimensions; there is greater short-term stability in somse
temperament dimensions after the first year
At what age does research indicate greater long-term stability in temperament
dimensions? - (answer)-Age 3
Temperament and Adjustment - (answer)-difficult temperament, goodness of fit
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