Year 3 Patient IAI in HIV notes in a Q&A format which is most effective study method of revising content actively.
These notes contain the lecture in question and answer form.
Explain what HIV is and give some background to it?
HIV is human immunodeficiency virus that infect humans and over time advances to
AIDS which is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is a condition which immune
system fails to respond to fight infections and diseases leading to progress and spread.
How do you get HIV?
You can get HIV from contact via blood transfusion, needles, mother to child during
pregnancy, childbirth, breast feeding and sexual intercourse.
Explain how does HIV spread around the body?
It does not show any symptoms at the start, and if you do not take any medication it can
weaken the immune system and develop into AIDS.
How does HIV develop into AIDS?
As HIV cells increase in the body, there will be decline in immunity which means CD4+ is
getting damaged as it destroys them. Individuals will be more prone to infections and
disease as there is barely any protection left to fight off them, this can take years before
it turns to AIDS (body can’t fight it off).
HIV is one small virus which can spread whilst AIDS is a syndrome of several connected
symptoms, but it does not spread.
Differentiate the symptoms of HIV and AIDS?
Symptoms of HIV: fever, chills, rash, night sweats, sore throat and fatigue
Symptoms of AIDS: fever, rapid weight loss, pneumonia, recurring fever, extreme
tiredness, diarrhoea lasting more than a week, sores of mouth and genitals/anus.
How do CD4+ cells work?
CD4+ T cells acts as regulators and make sure other lymph nodes responds
correspondingly. It activates B cells to fight off the infection by sending antibodies
What is mortality rate and is it high?
It is rate of death and it is high
Are there any cures or vaccines that prevent HIV? If not, what are the options?
What is the starting medication given to patients with HIV and what factors needs to be
considered?
What do the following abbreviations stand for; ARV, ART, HAART, cART, BHIVA?
- ARV's- Anti Retrovirals
- ART- Anti Retroviral Therapy ->most common one
- HAART- Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy -> secondary option
- cART- Combination Anti-Retroviral Therapy -> last option
- BHIVA- British HIV Association (Responsible for guidelines relating to HIV
treatment and are part of NICE)
Describe the medication of HIV and what each of them does?
ARV: it works by preventing replication of the virus which allows the body’s immune
system to heal and prevent any further damage. A combination of drugs is used to fight
the HIV virus as it can build resistance
ART: reduces the viral load to undetectable, resulting HIV virus not being transmittable
during sexual activity and immune system can recover. This takes approximately 7 -12
months
HAART: it is a medication regimen used to manage HIV and it is composed of several
drugs in ARV classes of medication
What are the roles and responsibilities of BHIVA?
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