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P1 Task 1 explain the structure and function of DNA and various
nucleic acids
The double helix shape is made up of double stranded DNA which is made of two linear
strands that move anti parallel or opposite to each other. Moreover each DNA strand inside
the double helix is a lengthy linear molecule which consists of smaller units also known as
nucleotides that help to form a chain. (double helix | Learn Science at Scitable, Author
unknown, 2022)
, Diagram on A-T and C-G showing hydrogen bonding.(Chemistry stack exchange author
unknown, 2022
Nucleotides consist of deoxyribose sugar a base and a phosphate attached to each sugar
there is thymine, guanine, cytosine, and adenine. (Phosphate Backbone, Author unknown,
2022)
DNA contains the genetic material needed for any organism to reproduce and survive to
carry out these duties DNA sequences have to be converted into what’s called messages
these can be used to produce proteins which are complex molecules that help to do most of
the work in the body. (Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Fact Sheet, Author unknown, 2022)
Protein synthesis is a multi-step procedure that takes the coded message of DNA converting
it to a useful protein molecule. The very first step of making useful proteins is called
transcription which uses DNA to help create mRNA this molecule then carries the DNA’s
coded information for making the protein which explores further into the DNA’s role in
protein synthesis. (study.com role of DNA in protein synthesis, Author unknown, 2022)
Furthermore, DNA is also very important in terms of inheritance it helps to pack in all the
information which is then passed on to the next generation. DNA is used to make genes and
genes are used to create chromosomes the human body has a total of 46 chromosomes
twenty two of which are called autosomes they look the same in males and females where
as the twenty third pair is called the sex chromosomes it varies between men and women
for example women have XX and men have XY.( Author Dr. Ananya Mandal DNA functions
and inheritance, 2022)
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