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Summary The Functions of Eukaryotic Cells

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This document summarises the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells and the functions of the different components. It includes all the cellular components and outlines their functions as required by the specification. It also has diagrams to aid understanding and identify these components in exam quest...

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  • November 13, 2022
  • 6
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

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Cell Diagram Structure Function
Nucleus, nuclear Has a double membrane called the The pores allow mRNA and
envelope, and nuclear envelope which has many ribosomes to travel out of the
nucleolus pores. nucleus.

The nucleus contains chromatin The nucleolus is where ribosomes
(genetic material). are made.

The nucleolus contains RNA, DNA
and proteins.

Rough Formed from many folds of Processes proteins made from
endoplasmic membranes continuous with the ribosomes.
reticulum (RER) nuclear envelope.

The surface is covered with
ribosomes.




Smooth Formed from many folds of Involved in the production,
endoplasmic membranes continuous with the processing and storage of lipids,
reticulum (SER) nuclear envelope. carbohydrates and steroids.

No ribosomes on the surface.

, Mitochondria Oval shaped and bound by a double Mitochondria are the site of ATP
membrane. (energy currency) production during
aerobic respiration
The inner membrane is folded into
cristae.

Matrix – the fluid filled inner part.
Contains enzymes needed for
aerobic respiration.


Chloroplasts Surrounded by a double membrane. Where photosynthesis takes place.

Thylakoid: membrane bound
compartments that are
interconnected and contain
chlorophyll.

A stack of thylakoids is called
granum (plural is grana).

Thylakoids are linked by lamellae.

The fluid in chloroplasts is called
Strama


Ribosomes Found floating freely in the Ribosomes on the exterior of RER
cytoplasm or on RER. are used in protein synthesis.

Made up of protein sub units with Ribosomes in the cytoplasm are
no membrane. used to assemble proteins that will
be used inside the cell

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