100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary The Basics to Economics AS £5.49   Add to cart

Summary

Summary The Basics to Economics AS

 10 views  0 purchase

A thorough yet summarised introduction to the subject of economics, where all the important information is without having to waste your time reading through the unnecessary bits. Here is everything you need to know, not a word more, not a word less.

Preview 2 out of 8  pages

  • No
  • Chapter 1 to 5
  • November 14, 2022
  • 8
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:
All documents for this subject (25)
avatar-seller
arthurknight
Unit 1 - Basic economic ideas and resource allocation

Chapter 1 - Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost

1.1 Fundamental economic problem

Fundamental economic problem: Resources are scarce while people’s wants are
unlimited.

Needs and wants are different; needs are things like food, water and shelter that are
necessary for survival and wants are things you want no matter your income. What
one person may consider a want for another person it may be a need.

1.3 Choice and opportunity cost

Given limited resources and unlimited wants, individuals, firms and governments
need to decide which wants to satisfy. They have to make a choice between
alternative wants.

Opportunity cost: The sacrifice of the next best available alternative.

1.4 What to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce?

The fundamental economic problem leads to 3 important questions:

● What - Economies cannot produce everything so they have to decide what to
produce and in what quantities.
● How - Firms have to consider how to use the factors of production so that they
can achieve the best outcome. They need to consider how they can get the
most out of the resources available. Sometimes they have to consider other
factors which are not economics-based.
● For whom - Governments have to decide whether everyone is going to have a
more or less equal share of what is produced or whether some will have more
than others. Some economies aim to create a more equal society by
redistributing income through taxes.

Chapter 2 - Economic methodology

2.1 What is economics?

Economics: The study of how to allocate resources in the most efficient way.

, Microeconomics: The study of individual markets.

Macroeconomics: The study of the whole economy or group of economies.

2.3 Positive and normative statements

Positive statements: Statements that refer to what will happen, based on evidence
or observation. The economist does not state his opinion. Eg. The inflation rate in
2021 was 8%.

Normative statements: Statements that express an opinion or make a value
judgement within their analysis. Eg. A fall in the supply of petrol should lead to an
increase in price.

2.4 Ceteris Paribus

Ceteris Paribus: A situation where ‘other things remain equal’ or unchanged.

Margin: A small change in one variable will lead to other small changes in other
variables.

2.5 Time periods

Short-run: A time period in which it is possible to change only some inputs. This is
typically when labour, a variable resource or a factor of production, can be increased
or decreased to increase its output.

Long-run: A time period in which it is possible for all factors of production or
resources to change. So in the long run, a firm may choose to increase the quality
and quantity of its capital and build a new factory, allowing it to be more efficient.

Very long-run: A time period in which all factors of production and key inputs are
variable. Key inputs can include technology, government regulations and social
concerns.

Chapter 3 - Factors of production

3.1 Factors of production

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller arthurknight. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £5.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

84866 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now

Start selling
£5.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart