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Lecture notes 7PAYFADD; PSYCHOLOGY & NEUROSCIENCE OF ADDICTION, Week 3, Topic 1 £5.49   Add to cart
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Lecture notes 7PAYFADD; PSYCHOLOGY & NEUROSCIENCE OF ADDICTION, Week 3, Topic 1
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Detailed summary notes for week 3, topic 1 -Genes and environment. Module: 7PAYFADD; PSYCHOLOGY & NEUROSCIENCE OF ADDICTION at King's college London.

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  • November 21, 2022
  • 7
  • 2021/2022
  • Lecture notes
  • Kate morley
  • All classes

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W3 T1; Vulnerability, genes and environment


Gene importance in addiction
 Point of research is to understand the differences between ppl influenced by
genetics and environment
 E.g. smokers differ in amount of cigarettes smoked per day; some of this is
influenced by environment such as time and money
 However, in controlled environments still variation seen showing genetic influence


 The simple theory is that phenotype = genes + environment
 Aim of studies is to identify genes contributing to variation; controlled experiments
are unethical so twin studies used
 Genes account for 50-70% of variation in addiction-related phenotypes (heritability)
 Environmental factors could appear as nuisance or error, but this is not always the
best approach


 More complex theory includes interactions and correlations between e and g factors
 Environment in addiction can have big effect on genetics
 E.g. having strong genetic predisposition to alcohol but living in a country where it is
banned


Gene-environment relationships
 Interactions: environment can directly interact with genetics
 E.g. individuals with DDR2 long variant show much higher level of craving when
exposed to lit cigarette than those with DDR2 short variant


 G-e correlations: genetic predisposition can affect likelihood of being exposed to
certain environmental factors
 E.g. predisposition towards novelty seeking may be more likely to try new drugs
 We need to understand both genetic and environmental factors to properly
understand addiction phenotypes


Gene-environment relationships in real world
 Some states have more restrictive smoking policies (and potentially more negative
attitudes to it), which show lower heritability of adolescent daily smoking

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