Summary of 34 case studies for the geography paper 3 essay exam. A lifesaver for memorising crucial case studies for the exam. All include relevant statistics, explainations and significant points that can be easily applied to a diverse range of essay questions. Case studies are colour coded by uni...
USA China
Superpower = highly powerful and influential body that influence policy on an
international scale economically, culturally, militarily and geographically
Beginnings Since the fall of the Soviet Union in China is considered an emerging economy,
1991, USA has remained the only but is advancing rapidly with the use of
superpower special economic zones for businesses
increasing trade
Military They have the most superior military $250 billion USD a year
Spending capabilities on earth, spending $620
billion USD a year
Use of Mainly use their power in military and Mainly use their power in trade to
Power trade eg tariffs increase local economy and more people
based such as cheap products instead of
national infrastructure
Overtaking Some believe the USA are losing power as they lose economic and political
dominance, particularly with Trump’s presidency and rash decisions and loss of
respect
However, USA still has 4 times the wealth and 5/6 times the power than China but
China is growing much more rapidly than the USA and is predicted to overtake in
2030.
Organisation of Petroleum Explorting Countries (OPEC)
OPEC regulate the exchange of crude oil and petroleum products
Founded in 1960 as petroleum became the worlds leading fuel over coal
Originally 5 countries in middle east and south America, today has 15 members worldwide who
are the highest producers of petroleum and controls 78% of international exports
Aims include fair, honest and reliable trade between consumers and producers
They hold power as oil accounts for 5.9% and $1.113 billion USD of global income in 2018 and
193 exajoules consumed in 2019
OPEC can control price per barrel, daily oil limits and limits certain countries
Example: 1973 USA, Western Europe and Japan lost significant oil as they supported Israel in
their conflict against Egypt, Iraq and Syria (OPEC members)
Big Cat Flows
Illegal flows of goods can be hidden in plain sight such as the illegal trade of big cats in the USA
across the 50 states, 4 states have no laws around big cat trade and ownership and the states
that do, have severe exemptions
This makes trade easy as the laws are so different around the nation, and has grown to a million-
dollar business, of the 23-billion-dollar illegal animal trade in the USA
Currently, only 6% of big cats in facilities in the USA are accredited by the Associations of zoos
USA.
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