1. Provides contrast between numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. Defines polyploidy on aneuploidy. Determines which parental meiosis is a non-disjunction. Describes major types of structural chromosome movie arrangements and describes balanced or unbalanced chromosome.
2. Describes...
-common cause of infertility recurrent miscarriage
-
s0% of Isttomester miscamage
-most are spontaneous
chromosomes or content
-can affect change in number of
of individual chromosomes.
chromosomes in
·changes number
of complete
('n), trisomy (3n)
without
any loss/gain
in
genetic thatresults
set of chromosomes (all ·
eg. monsomy material
retrasomy (4n) phenotypic effects
triploidy (3n)-incompatible
has
effect
·
eg. andthe
·no
phenotypic duplication is
withlifecausedby asperms caused by non-disjunctions translocation eg. deletions,
eg. inversions,
during meiosis
unequal crossing over
etaploidy(a-comparblethathappened
·experiences
J
repeats misalign Prophase
-
in
-when
with life
meiosis" "after lot Meiosis I
division after fertilization
"In the beninging"
incompatible with human life
most numerical abnormalities are
except trisomy 13,18,21.
Non-Disjunctions
it can occur in either mum or dad chromosomes
occurred
· in monosomies, it is impossible to know when non-disjunction
instead of one.
·
intrisomies, child gets 2 copies from parents
Meiosis 1
Yoon-disjunction
↳if the 2 chromosomes identical when -
from the same parent are
non-identical -
Meiosis I occurred
↳nondisjunction mostly occurs in maternal
meiosis
Cyto genetics
of chromosomes, their structure, inheritance abnormalities
study ofcentromere
until 1970s, chromosomes were identified by
size position
-classification: meta, submeta,acro-centric
&13, 14, 15,21,22
karyotype
mmm
(somatic, sexual) displayed
an individual's chromosomes
fixing digestion analysis
goes through culture (3days)
-> cell -> ->
of Kanyotype
ideogram: schematic representation
minding
bands due to staining
pattern of light "dark
↓ d
enchromatic heterochromation
banarchaque fines
·omenclatureamomosome 1,2,3etc
1 -
23 porg vizetc 1i2setc
8
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