Summary
Summary The features of prokaryotic cells
- Module
- Module 2 (2.1.1)
- Institution
- OCR
The different organelle found in prokaryotic cells and their functions
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Topic: ProkaryotesAnimal and plants Animal and plant cells are types of eukaryotic cells, whereas bacteria
cells are are a type of prokaryote
examples of
eukaryotes Bacteria are prokaryotic meaning their cells do not have nuclei or any
other membrane bound organelles
Bacteria is an
example of a The cytoplasm contains one large loop of chromosomal DNA, which
prokaryote controls most of the cell’s activities.
Components of prokaryotes
Flexible cell wall - For protection and support
Cytoplasm - Where the cell's activities occur
Cell membrane - Controls what enters (endocytosis) and leaves
(exocytosis) the cellio
Chromosomal DNA - Contains the instructions for most of the cell’s
activities
Differences of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes don’t - Prokaryotic cells are much smaller (between 100 - 1000 times
have smaller)
membrane-bound - Have a cytoplasm which has no membrane bound organelles
organelles - No nucleus, instead they have a single circular DNA than is
free in the cytoplasm)
- Have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan
- Have plasmids, capsules and flagellum unlike eukaryotic cells
- Their ribosomes are structurally smaller compared to those in
eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cell structure
Plasmids - Small loops of DNA that are separate from the main
Plasmids control circular DNA molecule. Plasmids which can be passed between
a few of the cells prokaryotes, for example the gene for antibiotic resistance can be
activities passed as this is not present in all prokaryotes
The slime coat Capsule - Some prokaryotes have an outer layer known as a capsule
protects the cell (also known as the slime capsule). It helps protect bacteria from
drying out and from attack by cells
Flagella provide Flagellum - A long hair-like structure that rotates, enabling
mobility prokaryotes to move, some prokaryotes have more than one of is not
present at all
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