OCR A-level sociology Socialisation culture and identity sociologist glossary.
Word document that includes every sociologist in the OCR sociologist syllabus along with their key ideas and theories.
Sociologist Topic Summary
Culture
Mead 1935 Norms and Sex temperament in -American sociologist who studied Samoan tribes
values Primitive societies -She found that there were very different expectations in terms of gender roles,
-for example in one tribe she found both men and women to be aggressive compared to
another where they were both gentle.
Bourdieu 1984 Popular culture Distinction between -Distinction between high culture and popular culture lies in the power of the group that
cultures relies on the access and support them.
power within the group - So high culture is simply the culture of the higher economic class.
McLuhan 1964 Global culture We now live in a global -Argued that since the 1960s the world had become an even smaller place-
village -we now live in a global village.
-This has been driven by industry, travel and globally accessible media.
Socialisation
Skeleton and Peer groups Study into peer groups -Looked at peer groups in primary schools
Francis 2003 in playgrounds -Found that the playground play was very gendered
-with boys dominating the space and
-girls taking part in separate activities such as skipping
Sue Lees Peer groups Pressure on teenage -looked at the pressure for on teenage girls by peers
1983,1987 girls - double standards applied to girls’ and boys’ sexual behaviours
-such as how the term slag is used to control girls’ behaviours
Judith Harris Peer groups Peer influence on -the comparative influence of parents and peer groups
1998 children -concluding that the peer groups can be more influential than the family in shaping
children’s identity's
Tony Sewell Peer groups Cultural comfort zones - describes the way that we are likely to associate with those who are like ourselves to stay
2000 in a comfort zone
-he particularly links this African Caribbean Boys
, Bowles and education Hidden curriculum -they argued that the education system was a giant myth making machine
Gintis 1976 -brainwashed children through the hidden curriculum
-icreated an obedience unquestioning attitude
-they would need this in the world of work to accept their place in society.
Mulvey 1975 Media Male Gaze -argued the concept of the male gaze so describe how cameras and film eyes up female
carriages
- encouraging viewers to access their bodies in their attractiveness from a male’s
perspective
Young 2007 Media Bulimic society -late modern societies are saturated with all people regardless of class or subculture being
exposed to consumerism
- Consumerism displays what life 'should be life' through advertising and incentivises people
to participate in this culture called “bulimic society”
Modood and Religion Importance of religion -Survey found that 67% of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis saw religion as very important
Berthoud 1997 compared to 5% of white British youths
Waddington Workplace Canteen culture -the set of norms and values that people who work in particular organisation will be
socialised to accept
- so that this certain language behaviour and attitudes become the norm
- this has been used to describe the way that culture of racism has been accepted within the
police
Hybridity and identity
Nayak 2003 Hybrid identity White wannabees -a term used to describe white British males who dress act and speak in a way that's
influenced by black hip hop culture
Ethnicity and identity
Ghumann 1999 Identity Roles in Asian - tradition religion and values played an important part in the upbringing of second
households generational Asians in the UK
-children tend to be socialised into extended family with the emphasis of duty loyalty and
unreligious commitment
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