This document entails comprehensive information about Organic Chemistry, including detailed definitions, diagrams and additional information to ensure a thorough understanding of the concepts. All of the information needed to calculate the answers to the difficult questions in examinations are incl...
Alkanes
Non-polar
Consist only of carbon and hydrogen atoms
Saturated
Unreactive
Each consecutive member of homologous series has an added
CH2 group
Names end in -ane
Methane, ethane, propane, butane etc.
Alkenes
Non-polar hydrocarbons
Contain at least one double bond between two carbon atoms
Unsaturated
More reactive than alkanes- double bond less stable (easily
broken)
Simplest alkene consists of two carbons to allow for double bond
Names end in -ene
Ethene, propene, but-1-ene, but-2-ene etc.
Alkynes
Hydrocarbons
Contain a triple bond
Unsaturated
More reactive than alkenes- triple bond breaks to form single,
double bonds
Names end in -yne
Ethyne, propyne, but-1-yne, but-2-yne etc.
Halo-alkanes
Homologous series that have one or more halogen (F, Cl, Br, I)
atoms attached
Prefixes: fluoro- (F), chloro- (Cl), bromo- (Br), iodo- (I)
Alcohols
Formula is R-O-H where R is an organic group
Contain at least one hydroxyl (-OH) group
Form hydrogen bonds between molecules
Most alcohols have polar molecules
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