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1st YR MED: Heart Failure - Lecture Notes £5.49
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  5. Cardiology - Intro to Heart Failure

Lecture notes

1st YR MED: Heart Failure - Lecture Notes
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This document is a summary of the lecture notes for heart failure for 1st year medical students. The document lists the causes, symptoms, stages of symptoms, pathophysiology and treatment for heart failure. It is a comprehensive and short compiled version of the lecture notes that help with quick r...

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  • January 11, 2023
  • 2
  • 2022/2023
  • Lecture notes
  • Dr ian kay
  • All classes

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-> SYMPTOMS US SIGNS
LAB TESTS
r
= BS, Na, K, d, CRD, LFT breathlessness * JUP

Br-brain natioaretic orthophoea Hepatojugular reflex
protein (indicates ME) dyspnoed Gallop rhythm
b exercise tolerance
laterally displaced apical impulse
fatigue, tiredness cardiac murmur
ankle
swelling peripheral oedema

wheezing tachycardia
-
CAUSES


3
·MI
HF REF: reduced ejection fraction common
o
Ischaemic
1 FPEF:preserved ejection fraction o alcohol
N
· anaemia

·
mitral value disease

pericardial effusion
a




DEFINITION
Heart
-

MF
defined as
abnormality of
cardiac structure or
function

OF Failure
deliver
Leading to
failure of the 9 to

PATHO HF REF Or at a rate commensurate with the


requirements of the metabolizing tissues,
despite normal filling pressures.
-secondary myocardial effects:
IV
remodelling
contractility
fibrosis
NOSIROS TAGES OF SYMPTOMS
hypertrophy physiology
electo

apoptosis cytokines CLASS 1: no limitation, ordinary activity, no breathless-

ness, fatigue or
palpitations
> nurohormones:
↑SNS
activity ↑ ANP/BNP CLASS 11: slight limitation of physical activity, comfortable
rest but
↑ RAS a
cytokines
at
physical activity causes breathless -




Mendothelin ness, fatigue or palpitations



> endothelium CLASS 111: marked limitation of PA, fine at rest but
vasoconstruction structural
change less than
ordinary activity causes
symptoms
NosIROs cytokines
CLASS IV:unable carry out PA
to without discomfort,
symptoms may be
present at rest

TREATMENT C

ACE inhibitor -



vampiric
-blocker-bisoprolol
ARD-candesartan

MRA-spironolactons

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