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Summary of all the lectures of Organic Chemistry Practical
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Summary of all the lectures of Organic Chemistry Practical
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Organic chemistry practical lecturesLecture 1 Introduction safety
30/11/2020 Niek Eisink
Wear the safety glasses & the face shield!!
Wear jeans since they are not very reactive. Wear long socks. Do not wear synthetic
clothing.
2 types of gloves: protect you for 30 seconds against organic chemicals. So if you work with
chemicals put on gloves. You cannot wear them for an hour, because the chemical you used
that is on your glove it is later on your skin. So immediately take of the glove after use. Do
not reuse them.
Nijenborgh 4.
Chemical safety:
- Chemical name
- CAS number small numerical identifier. If you look up any chemical, there will be a
CAS number.
- Danger symbols
- Hazard & precaution statements on safety datasheets. This tells how dangerous it
is and what you should do to prevent hazarding.
- Physical properties melting point, boiling point, MW, etc.
Liquid waste beakers:
1. Organic acids
6. Neutral water mixtures
7. Halogen rich organic liquids
8. Solvents flammable and toxic
10. Corrosive liquids
Solid waste:
Chemicals: silica, aluminium oxide, etc.
Disposals: pipette tips, gloves, etc.
1
,Practical: 8.45-17.15
You must be in the lab with a fully prepared lab journal at 8.45.
Arrival after 9.00, report to my office (5115.0301). Then it is decided if you can start or not.
Preparation:
Information in your reader summarized in your lab journal be able to repeat the
experiment with only the lab journal.
Reaction scheme: name of compounds (number them in scheme), MW, density, melting
point, boiling point, mmol (not for your solvent, only calculate for reagents), g or ml (how
much do you need to add), final concentration (M).
Also add the complete reaction mechanism with arrows on how the atoms move.
Hand in lab journal via photographs before the pre-talk.
Also in results, write things down in bullet points. Write down your observations. At what time
did the reaction start and when did you stop. Draw in the notebook what you did.
2
, Purification why do you do it. only new techniques so do not repeat from report 1 in report 2.
Write down in experimental where you have dropped your flask. Write down how much you
weighed.
The further the melting point is off, the more impure it is.
IR spectroscopy: identification of bonds (or functional groups) are present in your compound
by absorption of infrared light.
Bonds have certain vibrational modes. These modes can have a different frequency.
So we take a light source and shine this one the compound so then we measure how much
light is transmitted. So with this you can identify functional groups. There are specific regions
which resemble different functional groups. The region below 1500 is the fingerprint region,
because all the small movements are in this region. There are so many that obtaining
information out of this is very difficult. You need to look outside of this region.
Intensity m = medium, v = varies, s = strong, w = weak.
How to write down the signals you observe are in the manual. This is needed for exp. 3.
Lecture 2 NMR
30/11/2020
Strychnine is a very complicated structure with lots of connected rings and quite a lot of
stereocentres. This molecule is quite rigid, so all atoms are positioned in space quite
consistently. They stay where they are all the time.
In NMR we look at different aspects:
1. Chemical shift the scale on the bottom which tells something about the
environment of the nucleus that you are looking at. So with the chemical shift we can
quite well determine where the signal of the hydrogens will appear. So the chemical
shift tells something about the type of hydrogen.
2. Integration integrate the area to work out the number of a certain type of
hydrogens.
3. Coupling a pattern due to hydrogens which are besides each other and tell each
other about each other. So with this you can work out to how many hydrogens the
certain hydrogen is next to.
4. Common sense what you put in is what you get out.
3
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