Biology/Life Sciences Class Notes: Reproductive Strategies In Some Animals
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Module
Life Sciences
Institution
12th Grade
In-depth class notes on Reproductive Strategies In Some Animals in accordance to the Grade 12 (IEB - SAGS document) syllabus
Covers the following areas: r/K-Strategy, Survivorship Curves, the Amniotic egg, Oviparity, Viviparity, Ovoviviparity, Courtship, External vs Internal Fertilisation and Par...
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Reproductive Strategies In
Some Animals
The main idea of this topic is to consider how an animal can successfully
reproduce itself (produce viable offspring that can eventually produce offspring
of their own) using the least amount of resources —> ‘efficiency’ in the
reproductive process.
Reproduction and reproductive success enables a species to survive.
“survival of the fittest” or “selected for” refers to animals that are best adapted to
reproduce and pass their DNA to future generations. The “better” an animal’s
reproductive strategy the more likely it is to produce more offspring and the
“fitter” it is in Darwinian terms.
r/K-Strategy
r-Strategy
The organism produces vast numbers of offspring (or propagules like eggs/seeds)
each provided with the “bare minimum” of resources. Due to the large number of
Reproductive Strategies In Some Animals 1
, young, some will most probably not survive long enough for themselves to
reproduce.
Examples of r-Strategy animals: some turtle species (SAGS), most arthropods,
insects (ants, locusts) and spiders, fish, frogs (tadpoles), sardines.
K-Strategy
The organism produces a few offspring but each is provided with a large amount of
resources and a great deal of parental care therefore they have a good chance of
surviving to reproductive maturity.
However, this strategy does not guarantee that offspring will definitely survive long
enough to reproduce. —> e.g. only 50% or fewer of giraffe calves survive their first
year of life in the wild.
Examples of K-Strategy animals: lions, elephants (SAGS), humans, birds
Few animals are “pure” r/K-Strategists
Survivorship Curves
linked to r/K-Strategies. Extreme r-Strategists tend to have huge numbers of
offspring, many of which die at a young age. Extreme K-Strategists produce few
offspring, but many survive to old age/sexual maturity. Birds tend to be intermediate
between extreme r and K-strategists and their mortality follows a linear pattern of
decrease.
Reproductive Strategies In Some Animals 2
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