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Lecture notes

AQA Explanations of attachment - Bowlby’s theory

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AQA explanations of attachment – Bowlby‘s theory notes taken from the AQA textbook, including evaluation.

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  • January 17, 2023
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Explanations of attachment :
Bowlby 's theory


Bowlby ( 195811969) Mono tropic theory

Attachment is innate , like
imprinting
Bowlby gave an evolutionary explanation -
that attachment is an innate
system that
gives a survival
advantage .




Imprinting and attachment evolved because they ensure
young animals
stay close to their
caregivers and this
protects them
from
hazards .




Monotropic =
having a
primary attachment
figure
C. mono
'


Bowlby is described '
's theory as monotroptc because
of the emphasis on the Childs attachment to one
caregiver
= one and tropic

)
'
'
=
learning towards this attachment is
different from others ana more
important .




(
figure /
Bowlby believed time necessarily
that the more a baby spent with this
primary attachment mother
figure
not the
biological mother,
-




2
indeed
female) There main
or a the better . are reasons :




1- Law the better
of continuity = the more constant a arias care , the
quality of attachment .




2. Law accumulated separation the
effect of separation adds So , '
the is
therefore close
'


of =
every up .

safest door a zero .




Babies are born with social releaser s



Bowlby innate behaviours
Ceg smiling) that
' '
suggested that babies born with set cute attention
:
adults
are a
of encourage from
The
purpose of
these social release rs is to activate adult social interaction Cie :
make an adult attach to the baby) Bowlby recognised that



attachment is a
reciprocal system
.




There is a critical period

Bowlby proposed that there is a critical period of about 2
years when the infant attachment system is active .
In
fact , he viewed this



as more
of a sensitive
period
A child is
maximally sensitive at 6 months and this may extend up to the
age of 2 .

If an attachment has not
formed
in this


time , a child will
gwia it much harder to
form
one later .




The attachment relationships
first forms an internal
working model
of

Bowlby argued that the children
forms
a mental relationship C internal
morning model ) of the relationship with their
primary attachment

'

figure . This internal
working model serves as a
'
template for what relationships are like .




A Childs whose
first experience
is a
loving relationship with a reliable
caregiver will tend to
form
an
expectation that all



relationships are
loving and reliable . However , a child whose
first relationship involves poor treatment
may expect such


treatment others
from
.




this internal
morning model
may also effect the Childs later
ability to be a
parent themselves .

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