Column1 Morphology Size Gram stain Extra/intracellular Oxidase pos/neg Catalse pos/neg Haemolysis Culture growth Fermentor O2 requirement Motile? Encapsulated? Spore forming
Staph. aureus Cocci in clusters 2um Postive Extracellular Negative Positive Alpha, beta Yellow colonies on mannitol salt Faculatative aerobe No Yes No
Staph. epidermidis Cocci in clusters 2um Postive Extracellular Negative Negative Gamma White colonies Faculatative anaerobe No Yes No
Strep. pyogenes Cocci in chains 0.6-1um Postive Extracellular Negative Negative Beta White colonies Carbohydrates Aerotolerant No Yes - Lancefield group A No
Strep. agalactiae Cocci in chains 0.6-1.2um Postive Extracellular Negative Negative Beta CAMP factor positive Carbohydrates Faculatative anaerobe No Yes - Lancefield group B No
Strep. pneumoniae Cocci in chains 0.5-1.25um Postive Extracellular Negative Negative Alpha (aerobic), beta (anaerobic) Blue colonies on chromogenic agar No Yes - no Lancefield group No
Bacillus cereus Rods 3-4um Postive Extracellular Positive Positive Beta White-grey colonies, ground glass look Faculatative anaerobe Yes - flagella Yes
Fluorescence green-yellow colour under long wavelngth UV
light; Glossy grey circular colonies with rough edge and
frosted glass look; Spore stains with mamchite green;
Clostridium difficile Rods in clusters 3-16.9um in length Postive Extracellular Negative Negative Gamma minimum 48 hours growth in anaerobic cabinet Obligate anaerobe Yes - flagella Yes Yes (white pimple spot of agar)
Clostridium tetani Slender rods 2.5um in length Postive Extracellular Negative Negative Beta Anaerobic growth media - thioglycolate None Obligate anaerobe Yes - peritrichous flagella Yes - serotype C Yes - endospores
Yes - classified as proteolytic or non-proteaolytic based on
Clostridium botulinum Rod 1.6-22um in length Postive Extracellular Negative Negative Beta Tryptose S. cycloserine agar None Obligate anaerobe Yes - flagella antigens Yes
Rods with clubbed Dull grey/black opaque colonies with matt surface
Corynebacterium diphtheriae ends 1.5-2mm Postive Extracellular Negative Positive Gamma (metabolism of tellurite) Carbohydrates Aerobe or faculatively anaerobe No No No
Brilliant blue (selective agar); smooth, translucent colonies
Listeria monocytogenes Rods 0.5-4um Postive Extracellular Negative Positive Beta with ground glass look None Faculatative anaerobe Motile at room temp - flagella No No
Negative (lacks
muarmix acid
and
Chlamydia trachomatis Coccoid/rod 0.25-0.3um peptidoglycan) Intracellular / / / Cannot culture as intracellular - cell lines used instead Glucose, glutamte, pyruvate Obligate aerobe No No No
Cannot culture as intracellular - cell lines used instead; can be
Rickettsia Rod 0.3-1um Negative Intracellular / / Beta grown in embyronated eggs (ethics) / Aerobe No No No
Semi-solid enriched medium containing 20% horse serum,
Spherical, yeast extract and DNA; incubate aerobically for 7-12 days
filamentous with 5-10% CO2 and 35-37C; fried egg look; appear blue with M. pnuemonia and M.
Mycoplasmas (pleomorphic) Very small No cell wall Intracellular / / Beta Diene's stain / gentialium facultative anaerobe No No No
Modified New York City media, cholcolate agar (general),
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Diplococci 0.5-1mm Negative Intracellular Positive Positive Gamma Thayer Martin media (selective) Glucose (not maltose or lactose) Aerobe No No No
Modified New York City media, cholcolate agar (general),
Neisseria meningiditis Diplococci 0.1-1um Negative Intracellular Positive Positive Gamma Thayer Martin media (selective) Maltose and glucose (not lactose Aerobe No Yes - 5-13 serogroups cause diesease (A, B, C, Y, W135) No
Acid fast (pink with Blueish-green on Lowenstein-Jensen media (selective);
Mycobacteria tuberculosis Slender rods 0.3-0.5um Ziehl-Neilson) Intracellular Negative Positive Beta Middlebrook agar / Aerobe No No No
Acid fast (pink with
Mycobacteria leprae Slender rods 0.3-0.5um Ziehl-Neilson) Intracellular Positive Low temps on unconventioanl media / Aerobe No No No
Acid fast (pink with Lowenstein-Jensen media (selective); smooth morphotypes
Mycobacteria abscessus Slender rods 0.3-0.5um Ziehl-Neilson) Intracellular and rough morphotypes (more virulent) Aerobe No No No
Lactose (Escherichia, Klebsiella);
Enterobacteriaceae (family) Straight rods 1-5um Negative Extracellular Negative Positive N/A Chromogenic agar, MacConkey's agar (lactose fermentation) late lactose (Shigella sonnei) Aerobe/faculatively anaerobe Most are (flagella) Some are No
Ornithine, raffinose and Koser citrate media, yellow mucoid
Klebsiella (enterobacteria) Straight rods 1-5um Negative Extracellular Negative Positive Gamma colonies Lactose Microaerophilic No Yes - 78 capsule K antigens No
MacConkey's - grayish-white colonies; Mannitol salts - yellow
Salmonella Straight rods 0.5-1.5um Negative Intracellular Negative Positive Gamma colonies Glucose, mannitol, sorbotol Faculatative anaerobe No Yes (typhoidal) No
Positive (not S.
Shigella Straight rods 0.3-1um Negative Intracellular Negative dysenteriae) Gamma Pink, translucent colonies; MacConkey's Faculatative anaerobe No Yes (S. sonneii) No
Yellow colonies on thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose
(TCBS) (selective); gunmetal grey colonies (reduction of
Vibrio cholerae Curved rods 1-3um Negative Intracellular Positive Positive Beta tellurite); pink colonies on MacConkey's Sucrose Faculatative anaerobe Yes - single, polar flagella Yes No
Helical ('gullwing' Yes - flagella (darting motility in
Campylobacter jejuni look) 0.5-5um in length Negative Intracellular Positive Positive Gamma CAMP selective agar; 35-37C/42C None Microaerophilic fresh stool) Yes No
Helicobacter pylori Helical 3.5um in length Negative Extracellular Positive Positive Beta Chocolate agar, CAMP media, 5-20% CO 2 Glucose Microaerophilic Yes - 4-6 sheathed flagella No No
Treponema pallidum Spireochaete 6-15um in length Negative Extracellular Negative Negative Beta Different to culture - use serology and molecular Anaerobe Yes - corkscrew No No
Culutred in liquid media containing blood, serum or tissue;
Borrelia burgdorferi Loose spireochaete 10-30um Negative Extracellular Negative Negative Beta rapid multiplication in chick embryos Microaerophilic Yes - periplasmic flagella No No
Leptospira interrogans Spireochaete 8-20um Negative Extracellular Positive Positive Beta Fletcher's media None Aerobe Yes - periplasmic flagella No No
Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar; high humidity and CO 2; 10days
Legionella pneumophila Pleomorphic bacilli 2-20um Negative Intracellular Positive Positive growth Aerobe Yes - flagella No No
Blood/chocolate agar; anaerobic = 5% CO2; aerobic = NAD
Haemophilus influenzae Coccobacilliary 0.3-1um Negative Extracellular Positive Positive Gamma (factor V) and Haem (factor X) Faculatative anaerobe No Yes - a, b, c, d, e, f No
Bordetella pertussi Rod 0.4-1um Negative Extracellular Positive Positive Beta Cheapest None Aerobe Yes - flagella Yes No
Small, rough colonies from environment (survival genes on);
mucoid, large, smooth colonies from clinical sample
(virulence genes on); bright green colonies; flurorescences on
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rod 1.5-3um in length Negative Extracellular Positive Positive Beta cetrimide agar; 42C None Faculatative anaerobe Yes - single, polar flagella Yes No
Acinetobacter Rod -> coccobacilli 1.5-2.5um in length Negative Extracellular Negative Positive Gamma None Aerobe No Yes No
,Other phentoypic tests Serology Molecular Genome - plasmid, lysogenic Transmission Entry AMR Virulence
Coagulase positive PCR for 16s mecA gene in MRSA / Foodborne, nosocoomial Wound MRSA Enzymes, enterotoxins, superantigens, exotoxins, capsule
Coagulase negative, urease positive Only needed in outbreak / Nosocomial Wound, UTI Toxins, Exotoxins, Capsule
Bacitracin sensitive Only needed in outbreak Lysogenic Wound, inhaled T and M-antigens on capsule, enzymes, toxins, surface proteins
Bacitracin resistant Placental Cutaneous, UTIs
Optochin sensitivty, soluble in bile salts / Inhaled Capsule (no M proteins), surface proteins, autolysin, pneumolysin
Motile assay, Lecithinase production, penicillin resistant Pcr for 16s RNA differeniates BCG group Foodborne Ingested
Rapid point of care tests - toxin B and lutamte
dehydrogenase; PCR ribotype O27; PCR for tcdA and tcaB;
FAFLP genotyping Faecal-oral, foodborne Ingested, gut adherence Resistant to metronidazole and vacomycin Spores, TcdA and TcdB toxin, binary toxin, adhesins
Resistant to heat Soil commensals Wounds Neurotoxin, tetanospasmin, tetanolysin
Soil commensals Botulinum toxin
Penicllin sensitive, metachromic granules Only needed in outbreak; PCR for 16s RNA and tox gene Lysogenic - toxin encoded on prophage Droplet infection (coughing, saliva) Inhaled No resistance strains - easy to treat Colonisation (pseudomembranes), diphtheria toxin
/ / 13 serotypes - only 3 infect humans Foodborne Ingested Long flagella, Internalin, listeriolysin O cytolysin, actA
Highly plastic - horizontal gene transfer, Three immunogenic biovars, LPS, cysteine rich proteins, elemental bodies survive
Giesma stain Direct fluoescent antibody staining; ELISA PCR (NAATs) - amplification genes; PFGE genetyping extrachromosal plasmids STI/sexual contact in enivironment, pathogenity island
Giesma stain ELISA, agglutination test (Weil-Felix) PCR for amplification genes; PFGE genotyping Circular genome Tick vectors Bite site
M. pneumonia droplet infection; M. Biofilms, lipoproteins, CARDS toxin, soluble haemolysin, no cell wall (impervious
Agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes PCR for amplification genes; PFGE genotyping genitalium STI M. pneumonia inhaled M. genitalium resistant to azithromycin to antibiotics)
PCR, genotyping, Ligase chain reaction (LCR) - probes target
Colistin positive and pil genes for detection in samples Highly plastic - horizontal gene transfer STI/sexual contant Urogenetial tract Supergonorrhoea' Long fimbriae (type IV pili), LPS, IgA proteases, antigenic variation
Direct slide agglutiantion + antiserum; colistin positive Vertial flow immunochromatography Less plastic than N. gon Droplet infection (coughing, saliva) Inhaled Fimbriae (pili) projections, LPS, polysaccharide capsule, IgA proteases
Niacin production, nitrogen reducatse, urease positive Tuberculin (Mantoux) test - skin test; IFNy release assay PCR - Xpert MTB/RIF Droplet infection (coughing, saliva) Inhaled To isoniazid and rifampicin; determined by WGS Acid fast cell wall (mycolic acid, cord factor, Wax-D), granuloma
Lepromin skin test PCR - Xpert MTB/RIF Wounds Acid fast cell wall (mycolic acid, cord factor, Wax-D)
Antibiotic sensitivty test PCR - Xpert MTB/RIF Inherited elements (CF, elastin deficiency) Droplet infection (coughing, saliva) Inhaled Mutlidrug resistance; inducible macrolide resistance Acid fast cell wall (mycolic acid, cord factor, Wax-D)
Phage typing ELISA MALDI-TOF (differntiate between species not strains) Faecal-oral, foodborne Ingested
Hypervirulent capsule on plasmids Droplet infection (coughing, saliva) Inhaled, UTI Intrinsic resistance to Beta-lactams, efflux pumps Hypervirulent capsule, LPS, type 1 fimbriae, type 3 fimbriae
Droplets (S. typhi); foodborne/faecal-oral (S.
Slide agglutination test PCR, genotyping for outbreak strains enterica) Inhaled; ingested S. typhi - mulit drug resistance S. typhi - typhoid toxin, capsule, LPS; S. enterica - fimbriae, M cells, T3SS-1, T3SS-2
IF staining, coagglutination Related to E. coli Faecal-oral Ingested Shiga toxin, T3SS, IpaC and IpaD, virF and virB
2 circular genomes; genes for CTX toxin (CTXphi)
on lysogensised genome; genes for coregualted
pili on Vibrio pathogencity islands (VPI); pili and CTX Chloera toxin, adhesins, proteases, siderophores, neuraminidase, Quorum
toxin on different genome Foodborne (water, shellfish) Ingested sensing
Faecal lymphocytes, hippurate hydrolysis, nalidixic acid
susceptibility Foodborne Ingested Fluroquinoline resistance Flagella, adhesins, invasins, toxins, superoxidase dismutae, siderophores
Corkscrew motility, urease production, catalase production, LPS, T4SS,
Urease positive, H2S metabolism Oral-oral. Faecal-oral Ingested Rising issue vacoulating toxin vacA, cagA
Diene's stain (viewd under dark field) Agglutination assay, DFA test (FITC) STI/sexual contant Abrasions in gentials Outer membrane proteins, hyaluronidase, host fibronectin
Enzyme/IF assay then western blot for IgM and IgG (>30days)
or just IgG (<30days) Injected tick bite (vector) Bite site Change of surface antigens
Antibodies appear after 1st week and increase until 4th 250 pathogenic serovars in 24 serogroups
Giesma stain; silver nitrate stain; kidney function test week; ELIZA, PCR, agglutination test (MAT) (classfied based on serovars) Rat urine in water Ingestion, eyes, wounds Lots of serovars; LPS
58 species, 3 subspecies (20 species associated
with human disease); many strains have only 1% Survives and replicates inside macrophages (evade IR); Doc/Icm secretion system
Penicillin insensitive Urine antigen test (limited to serotype Lp1) diversity between them Water Inhaled Need antibiotics for intracellular processes (T4SS)
Beta-lactam resistance; Beta-lactamse negative
Droplet infection (coughing, saliva) Inhaled ampicillin resistance strains) IgA proteases; fimbriae and non-fimbriae adhensions (colonisation)
Fimbrial proteins (adhesions); BrkA (T3SS); TcfAi (tracheal colonisaing factor A);
adenylate cyclase-haemolysin; dermonecrotix toxin; pertussi toxin; tracheal
Whoop sound after coughing is best diagnostic Anti-PT antibodies (B. pertussi specific) Not specific to B. pertussi Droplet infection (coughing, saliva) Inhaled toxin; Vag8; LPS
Intrinsic resistance chromosomally encoded;
acquired resistance mobile genetic elements; efflux Pigment production (pyoverdine, pyorubin B, pyocyanin A); adheins; secretion
Droplet infection (coughing, saliva) Inhaled pumps; beta-lactamases systems 1,2,3,5,6); exotoxin A; AMR; biofilm (mucoid)
Nosocomial Inhaled, wound, ingested 3rd gen carbapenem resistance
,Disease Symptoms Treatment Vaccine Notes
SSTI, impetigo, TSS, septicaemia, osteomyelistis Semi-synthetic penicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, linocymcyin, erthromycin, linezolid /
Scaled skin syndrome Semi-synthetic penicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, linocymcyin, erthromycin, linezolid /
Strep throat, skin infections, rheumatic fever, PSGN Depends on Lancefield group - penicillin VK/ penicillin G/ amoxicillin, erthromycin/clarithyromycin/ azithromycin /
Neonatal and obstetric complications, sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis Systemic Depends on Lancefield group - penicillin VK/ penicillin G/ amoxicillin, erthromycin/clarithyromycin/ azithromycin /
Pneumonia Bacteriemia, meningitis, otitis media Depends on Lancefield group - penicillin VK/ penicillin G/ amoxicillin, erthromycin/clarithyromycin/ azithromycin Pneumococcal vaccine
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoae Self-limiting if rehydrated, antibiotics shorten excretion period - erthromycin, azithrymycin /
Antibiotic-associated diarrhoae, pseudomembranous colitis, bloody
diarrhoae, toxic megacolon Fixdaxomicin, faecal transplant therapy /
Lockjaw, Risus sardonicus Human tetanus immune globulin; pencillin G, metronidazole, doxycycline Available
Botulism Wound infections, flaccid paralysis, cardiac and respiratory failure Antitoxin
Diphtheria Fever, loud cough, swollen neck, sore throat, hypoxia, neuropathy Penicillin, trimethoprim DPT vaccine (diphtheria, pertussi, tetnatus)
Listeriosis, meningitis Penicillin, trimethoprim; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Males asymptomatic; lower abdominal pain, fever, menstrual disorders,
Chylamydia painful uriantion, fatigue, pus, conjunctica Easy to treat - azithrymycin, erthryomycin, doxycycline (last resort) /
Sepsis, deafness,diseeminate intravasuclar coagulopathy, mutli-organ Live and dead vaccines available but not Defective' - leaky plasma membrane which releases plasma into host cells; part
Typhus fever failure, bronchopneumonia, congestive heart failure Doxycyline, tetracycline effective as dififult to grow of Typhus fever group; R. ricksettisa. R. sibirca, R. akari, R. prowazeki
M. genitalium - typical STI symptoms (pus, irriation, rash); M. pnuemonia Most closely adapted pathogen to what they infect; newly discovered and
M. pneumoniae - atypical bacterial pnuemonia; M. genitalium - STI flu-like Tetracycline, erthromycin, clarithromycin, newer macrolides/quinolines used / doesn't fully git with exisiting knowledge of bacteria
Diffcult to develop as no animal model, no
Male - inflammation, discharging sinuses, urethrra infection; females - immune memory, no commone targets across
Gonorrhoae vulvovaginitis, uterus infection, infertility, PID, salpingitis Resistance strains treated with ertapenem; azithromycin, ceftriaxone strains
Neruological, nause, weakness, skin lesions, pulmonary issues, adrenal Vaccine targets serotypes A, C, Y and W135 (no
Meningitis, Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome gland destruction Penicillin G-IV, chloramphenicol, cephalosporin, sulphonamides (rifampicin, ciprofloxacin for carriers) vaccine efffective fro B yet) Asympomatic carreir rate8-20% of population
Ethanmbutol, pyrazinamide, cycloserine, thioacetazone, streptomycin, ethionamide; mutlidrug therapies prevent BCG vaccine - immunity (60-80%) lasts 10-15
Tuberculosis resistance; combo of 4 antimycobacterial drugs fro resistance strains years
Leprosy (tuberculoid or lepromatous) Chronic granulomatous communicable disease, disfigurment, infects skin Dapsone, rifampicin, elofazamine /
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) Respiratory infection Azithromycin + 1 more oral drug --> amikacin + 1 other IV drug / Alveolar macrophages primary target
Food poisoning Gastroenteritis, diarhorrae
Pneumonia (K. pneumonia) Bacteriemia Carbapenems, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, combo of clavulanic acid and ceftazmide, colisin (last resort) K. pneumonia, K. oxytoca, K. granulomatis, K. varricolai
Typhoid fever (S. typhi), Non-typhoidal S. enterica gastroenteritis S. enterica - nausea, vomiting, non-bloody diarrhoae S. typhi - antibiotics; S. enterica infection is self-limiting (no antibiotics needed) / S. typhi, S. paratyphi, S. enterica
Infection is self-limiting but antibiotics used to reduce shedding period/prevent transmission; fluoroquinolines (adults),
Shigellosis Water diarrhoae, dysentery, fever, stomach cramps ciprofloxacin (children) / S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. boydii
Cholera Secretory diarrhoae Doxycyline, tetracycline; rehydration therapies' phage therapy; apply therapy to hatchery water / V. cholerea, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus
Meningitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, gastroenteritis, reactive arthritis Self-limiting if rehydrated, antibiotics shorten excretion period - erthromycin, azithrymycin /
Stomach ulcers Bismuth salts; tetracycline and metronidazole for 2 weeks, omeprazole, clarithromycin Smooth cell wall with high fatty acid composition to withstand stomach acid
Syphilis Penicillin (pregnant), doxycyline, tetracycline
Flu-like/fever, rash, face paralysis, swollen joints, insomnia, heart
Lyme disease complications, hearing loss Early - amoxycillin, tetracycline, doxycycline, cephalosproins; late- ceftriaxone / Bacteria either in tick's saliva or regurgitated from tick's midgut contents
Can be confused with yellow fever due to liver damage casuing bilirubin release =
Weil's disease (Leptospirosis) Erthema chronicum migrans; kidney and liver damage Doxycyling, penicllin, cefotaxmine (catch and treat early to avoid liver and kidney damage) yellowing of skin and eyes
Lacks characteristic symptoms (most do not have fever, cough, chills etc);
more common symtpoms of nausea, vomiting, headache, chest pain; All pnuemonia cases in Europe take urine antigen test; survives in ameobas in
Legionnaire's disease (pneumonic); pontaic fever (mild flu-like) variable (hard diagnostic); 2-10 day incubation Macrolides, tetracyclines (act in ribsosomes); quinolines (DNA gyrase) - need to accumuated and be active as IC pathogen hot water (AC units, hot water tanks)
Meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, septic arthritis Less severe - sulbactam, cephalosporins, 2nd/3rd fluoroquinolones; severe - cefotaxime, ceftriaxone HiB vaccine
DPT vaccine (diphtheria, pertussi, tetnatus); 6-
Whooping cough (stage 2 last up to 10 weeks Minor respiratory infetion, cold-like symptoms Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erthromycin (self-limiting, adminster up to 21 days to prevent transmission) in-one vaccine B. parapertussi (human and sheep)
Flurorquinoline + cephalosporin (combined therapy); taret virulence (quorum sensing inhibitors,biofilm inhibitors, T3SS
Cystic fibrosis pulmonary infection, atypical bacterial pneumonia inhibitors) In development Causes most infections out of species in Pseudomonas genus
, Disease Symptoms
Staph. aureus SSTI, impetigo, TSS, septicaemia, osteomyelistis
Staph. epidermidis Scaled skin syndrome
Strep. pyogenes Strep throat, skin infections, rheumatic fever, PSGN
Strep. agalactiae Neonatal and obstetric complications, sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis Systemic
Strep. pneumoniae Pneumonia Bacteriemia, meningitis, otitis media
Bacillus cereus Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoae
Antibiotic-associated diarrhoae, pseudomembranous colitis, bloody
Clostridium difficile diarrhoae, toxic megacolon
Clostridium tetani Lockjaw, Risus sardonicus
Clostridium botulinum Botulism Wound infections, flaccid paralysis, cardiac and respiratory failure
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria Fever, loud cough, swollen neck, sore throat, hypoxia, neuropathy
Listeria monocytogenes Listeriosis, meningitis
Males asymptomatic; lower abdominal pain, fever, menstrual disorders,
Chlamydia trachomatis Chylamydia painful uriantion, fatigue, pus, conjunctica
Sepsis, deafness,diseeminate intravasuclar coagulopathy, mutli-organ
Rickettsia Typhus fever failure, bronchopneumonia, congestive heart failure
M. genitalium - typical STI symptoms (pus, irriation, rash); M. pnuemonia
Mycoplasmas M. pneumoniae - atypical bacterial pnuemonia; M. genitalium - STI flu-like
Male - inflammation, discharging sinuses, urethrra infection; females -
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gonorrhoae vulvovaginitis, uterus infection, infertility, PID, salpingitis
Neruological, nause, weakness, skin lesions, pulmonary issues, adrenal
Neisseria meningiditis Meningitis, Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome gland destruction
Mycobacteria tuberculosis Tuberculosis
Mycobacteria leprae Leprosy (tuberculoid or lepromatous) Chronic granulomatous communicable disease, disfigurment, infects skin
Mycobacteria abscessus Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) Respiratory infection
Enterobacteriaceae (family) Food poisoning Gastroenteritis, diarhorrae
Klebsiella (enterobacteria) Pneumonia (K. pneumonia) Bacteriemia
Salmonella Typhoid fever (S. typhi), Non-typhoidal S. enterica gastroenteritis S. enterica - nausea, vomiting, non-bloody diarrhoae
Shigella Shigellosis Water diarrhoae, dysentery, fever, stomach cramps
Vibrio cholerae Cholera Secretory diarrhoae
Campylobacter jejuni Meningitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, gastroenteritis, reactive arthritis
Helicobacter pylori Stomach ulcers
Treponema pallidum Syphilis
Flu-like/fever, rash, face paralysis, swollen joints, insomnia, heart
Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme disease complications, hearing loss
Leptospira interrogans Weil's disease (Leptospirosis) Erthema chronicum migrans; kidney and liver damage
Lacks characteristic symptoms (most do not have fever, cough, chills etc);
more common symtpoms of nausea, vomiting, headache, chest pain;
Legionella pneumophila Legionnaire's disease (pneumonic); pontaic fever (mild flu-like) variable (hard diagnostic); 2-10 day incubation
Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, septic arthritis
Bordetella pertussi Whooping cough (stag 2 last up to 10 weeks Minor respiratory infetion, cold-like symptoms
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cystic fibrosis pulmonary infection
Acinetobacter
