NHA Phlebotomy exam
What are the 2 types of circulation in the heart? - Answer- Pulmonary & systemic
What does pulmonary circulation do? - Answer- Carried deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
What does systemic circulation do? - Answer- Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body
What are the 2 right valves of the heart? - Answer- Tricuspid (atrioventricular) & pulmonic (semi-lunar)
What are the 2 left valves of the heart? - Answer- Mitral (atrioventricular) & aortic (semi-
lunar)
What are the 3 layers of the heart? - Answer- Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
What are the 8 blood vessels? - Answer- Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava
How many liters of blood are in the average adult body? - Answer- 5-6 liters
Plasma is what portion of the blood? - Answer- Liquid
Formed elements are what portion of the blood? - Answer- Cellular
What does the formed elements (cellular) portion of the blood contain? - Answer- Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
What is the lifespan for Erythrocytes? - Answer- 120 days
What are the 5 leukocytes? - Answer- Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
What is another name for leukocytes? - Answer- White blood cells
Define hemostasis - Answer- The process by which the blood vessels are repaired after injury
What are the 4 stages of hemostasis? - Answer- Vascular, platelet, coagulation, fibrinolysis Explain the vascular phase of hemostasis - Answer- 1st step in hemostasis, injury to blood vessels, causing it to constrict & slowing the blood flow
Explain the platelet phase of hemostasis - Answer- 2nd step in hemostasis, platelets adhere to injured endothelial lining. This forms aggregation (temporary platelet plug).
Define aggregation - Answer- A temporary platelet plug formed during the platelet phase of hemostasis
Explain the coagulation phase of hemostasis - Answer- 3rd step in hemostasis, converts
temporary platelet plug into a stabin fibrin clot
Explain fibrinolysis in hemostasis. - Answer- 4th step in hemostasis, breakdown & removal of the stabin fibrin clot
What does APTT stand for? - Answer- Activated partial thromboplastin time
What is APTT used to monitor? - Answer- Heparin therapy & intrinsic pathways
What does PT stand for? - Answer- Prothrombin time
What is PT used to monitor? - Answer- Coumadin therapy & extrinsic pathways
What are the 3 major veins located in the antecubital fossa that are acceptable to use for a VP? - Answer- Median cubital, cephalic, basilic
Explain the median cubital vein. - Answer- Vein of choice for a VP, large vein that tends not to move
Explain the cephalic vein. - Answer- 2nd vein of choice for a VP, has a tendency to move, often the only vein that can be palpated in an obese patient
Explain the basilic vein. - Answer- 3rd vein of choice for a VP, tends to move
What are 3 unsuitable veins for a VP? - Answer- Sclerosed, thrombotic, tortuous
Define hematoma. - Answer- Blood accumulates in the tissue surrounding the vein, caused by either the needle going through the vein or insufficient pressure being applied
What are 2 causes of a hematoma? - Answer- Insufficient pressure applied to the site & needle going through the vein
Define hemoconcentration. - Answer- Increase of proportion of plasma due to tourniquet
being left on too long
What are the 2 types of circulation in the heart? - Answer- Pulmonary & systemic
What does pulmonary circulation do? - Answer- Carried deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
What does systemic circulation do? - Answer- Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body
What are the 2 right valves of the heart? - Answer- Tricuspid (atrioventricular) & pulmonic (semi-lunar)
What are the 2 left valves of the heart? - Answer- Mitral (atrioventricular) & aortic (semi-
lunar)
What are the 3 layers of the heart? - Answer- Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
What are the 8 blood vessels? - Answer- Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava
How many liters of blood are in the average adult body? - Answer- 5-6 liters
Plasma is what portion of the blood? - Answer- Liquid
Formed elements are what portion of the blood? - Answer- Cellular
What does the formed elements (cellular) portion of the blood contain? - Answer- Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
What is the lifespan for Erythrocytes? - Answer- 120 days
What are the 5 leukocytes? - Answer- Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
What is another name for leukocytes? - Answer- White blood cells
Define hemostasis - Answer- The process by which the blood vessels are repaired after injury
What are the 4 stages of hemostasis? - Answer- Vascular, platelet, coagulation, fibrinolysis Explain the vascular phase of hemostasis - Answer- 1st step in hemostasis, injury to blood vessels, causing it to constrict & slowing the blood flow
Explain the platelet phase of hemostasis - Answer- 2nd step in hemostasis, platelets adhere to injured endothelial lining. This forms aggregation (temporary platelet plug).
Define aggregation - Answer- A temporary platelet plug formed during the platelet phase of hemostasis
Explain the coagulation phase of hemostasis - Answer- 3rd step in hemostasis, converts
temporary platelet plug into a stabin fibrin clot
Explain fibrinolysis in hemostasis. - Answer- 4th step in hemostasis, breakdown & removal of the stabin fibrin clot
What does APTT stand for? - Answer- Activated partial thromboplastin time
What is APTT used to monitor? - Answer- Heparin therapy & intrinsic pathways
What does PT stand for? - Answer- Prothrombin time
What is PT used to monitor? - Answer- Coumadin therapy & extrinsic pathways
What are the 3 major veins located in the antecubital fossa that are acceptable to use for a VP? - Answer- Median cubital, cephalic, basilic
Explain the median cubital vein. - Answer- Vein of choice for a VP, large vein that tends not to move
Explain the cephalic vein. - Answer- 2nd vein of choice for a VP, has a tendency to move, often the only vein that can be palpated in an obese patient
Explain the basilic vein. - Answer- 3rd vein of choice for a VP, tends to move
What are 3 unsuitable veins for a VP? - Answer- Sclerosed, thrombotic, tortuous
Define hematoma. - Answer- Blood accumulates in the tissue surrounding the vein, caused by either the needle going through the vein or insufficient pressure being applied
What are 2 causes of a hematoma? - Answer- Insufficient pressure applied to the site & needle going through the vein
Define hemoconcentration. - Answer- Increase of proportion of plasma due to tourniquet
being left on too long
