Delivery of Engineering
Processes Safely
as a Team
2
,UNIT 2
Getting to know your unit
Engineering processes, whether concerned with the manufacture of a
Assessm ent product or the delivery of an engineering service, are the cornerstones
This unit will be assesse d of all modern industrial engineering. A single individual cannot carry
by a series of assignm ents out any complex industrial function effectively – often the coordinated
set by your tutor. efforts of hundreds or even thousands of people are required to
manufacture a complex product such as a car or an aeroplane. This unit
covers a range of practical and teamworking skills that are necessary
when manufacturing a product or delivering a service safely as a team.
How you will be assessed
This unit will be assessed by a series of internally assessed tasks set by your tutor.
Throughout this unit you will find assessment practice activities to help you work
towards your assessment. Completing these activities will not mean that you
have achieved a particular grade, but you will have carried out useful research or
preparation that will be relevant when it comes to your final assignment.
In order for you to achieve the tasks in your assignment, it is important to check that
you have met all of the assessment criteria. You can do this as you work your way
through each assignment.
If you are hoping to gain a Merit or Distinction grade, you should also make sure that
you present the information in your assignments in the style that is required by the
relevant assessment criterion. For example, Merit criteria require you to analyse, and
Distinction criteria require you to evaluate.
The assignments set by your tutor will consist of a number of tasks designed to meet
the criteria in the table. They are likely to take the form of written reports, but may
also include activities such as the following:
▸ Reviewing and analysing case studies based on the manufacture of an engineered
product or delivery of a service in terms of the processes used and the influence of
human factors.
▸ Creating engineering drawings using computer-aided design (CAD) software.
▸ Carrying out practical engineering processes both as a team leader and as a
member of a team.
74 Delivery of Engineering Processes Safely as a Team
, Getting to know your unit UNIT
Assessment criteria
This table shows what you must do in order to achieve a Pass, Merit or Distinction grade, and where you
can find activities to help you.
Pass Merit Distinction
Learning aim A Examine common engineering processes to create products or deliver
services safely and effectively as a team
A.P1 A.M1 A.D1
Explain how three engineering processes are used safely Analyse why three engineering Evaluate, using high quality written
when manufacturing a given product or when delivering processes are used to manufacture language, the effectiveness of using
a given service. a product or to deliver a service different engineering processes to
Assessment practice 2.1 and how human factors, as an manufacture a product or to deliver
individual and as a team, affect a service and how human factors, as
A.P2 the performance of engineering an individual and as a team, affect
Explain how human factors, as an individual or as a team, processes. the performance of engineering
affect the performance of engineering processes. Assessment practice 2.1 processes.
Assessment practice 2.1 Assessment practice 2.1
Learning aim B Develop two-dimensional computer-aided drawings that can be used in
engineering processes
B.P3 B.M2 B.D2
Create an orthographic projection of a given component Produce, using layers, an accurate Refine, using layers, an accurate
containing at least three different types of feature. orthographic projection of a orthographic projection of a
Assessment practice 2.2 component containing at least component containing at least three
three different types of feature different types of common feature
B.P4 and a circuit diagram containing at and a circuit diagram containing at
least six different component types least six different component types
Create a diagram of a given electrical circuit containing
that mainly meet an international to an international standard.
at least six different component types.
standard. Assessment practice 2.2
Assessment practice 2.2
Assessment practice 2.2
Learning aim C Carry out engineering processes safely to manufacture a product or to
deliver a service effectively as a team
C.P5 C.M3 C.D3
Manage own contributions to set up and organise a Manage own contributions safely Consistently manage own
team in order to manufacture a product or deliver a and effectively using feedback from contributions effectively using
service. peers, as a team member and a team feedback from peers, as a team
Assessment practice 2.3 leader, to manufacture a product or member and a team leader, to set
to deliver a service. up, organise and manufacture a
C.P6 product or deliver a service safely,
Assessment practice 2.3
Produce, as an individual team member, a risk demonstrating forward thinking,
assessment of at least one engineering process. adaptability or initiative.
Assessment practice 2.3 Assessment practice 2.3
C.P7
Set up, as an individual team member, at least one
process safely by interpreting technical documentation.
Assessment practice 2.3
C.P8
Manage own contributions safely, as a team member and
a team leader, to manufacture a batch of an engineered
product or to deliver a batch of an engineering service.
Assessment practice 2.3
75
, Getting started
In a small group, make a list of situations where you have had to work as
part of a team. Think about how teamworking compares with working alone
and make a list of the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches
to completing a task.
Examine common engineering processes to create
A products or deliver services safely and effectively
as a team
Engineering projects are usually large and complex, These ideas must be developed, evaluated and refined to
requiring a range of specialist skills to complete. Some of the achieve a viable solution. Once a solution is established, it
great feats of engineering from history, such as Concorde or must be communicated effectively to the people who will
the Channel Tunnel, involved tens of thousands of people be asked to manufacture the product or deliver the service.
working together over decades to bring the project to Preparation will include these documents:
fruition. The manufacture of everything, from condensing
▸ Technical specifications – define exactly what a
boilers to cars, depends on multi-skilled teams of engineers
product or service will do.
and technicians working together to manufacture products
quickly, efficiently and in the necessary numbers to satisfy ▸ Engineering drawings – define exactly what the
demand. After manufacture, similar multi-skilled teams are individual components of a product will look like and
relied upon to deliver the services that help to maintain and how they should be assembled during manufacture to
repair these complex products. make the final product.
▸ Scale of production – defines the number of products
Key terms that need to be manufactured or the number of times
Team – a group containing three or more individuals a service needs to be performed, hence dictating the
who have a common objective or shared goal. approach to manufacture or service delivery;
(see Table 2.1).
Batch – three or more products manufactured or
services delivered together. ▸ Work plans – define a standard methodology that
should be followed when manufacturing a product or
delivering a service.
A1 Common engineering processes ▸ Quality control documents – define the checks that
Preparation before product manufacture or should take place both during and after manufacturing
product delivery a product or delivering a service.
Generally engineering products or services start life as
ideas on how to solve a particular problem or satisfy some
other demand from a customer or the wider marketplace.
▸ Table 2.1 Characteristics of different scales of production
One-off Small batch Mass or large batch Continuous
Unit cost high medium low low
Tools and equipment general specialised specialised and dedicated dedicated
Initial investment low medium high high
Production efficiency low medium high very high
Labour type skilled skilled and semi-skilled semi-skilled and unskilled unskilled
Labour cost high medium low low
76 Delivery of Engineering Processes Safely as a Team
, Learning aim A UNIT
Standards and reference material ▸ Table 2.2 Metric (course) tapping
drill sizes
The importance of BS8888
The people who design a product and create its technical specifications are often not Thread size Tap drill (mm)
the same people who manufacture the product. In fact, they are increasingly likely to M3 × 0.5 2.50
be thousands of miles apart in different countries and may not even share a common M4 × 0.7 3.30
language. M5 × 0.8 4.20
It is vital, therefore, that the drawings and information that you generate comply with M6 × 1 5.00
the widely adopted rules and conventions laid down in BS8888 for writing technical M8 × 1.25 6.80
specifications. In this way you are adopting a common technical language that will be M10 × 15 8.50
understood by engineering companies globally.
Reference charts ▸ Table 2.3 Cutting speeds for
commonly used engineering
When preparing drawings and work plans it is often necessary to use information
metals (using high-speed steel
from reference charts or other sources of technical information. These can be found in tooling)
engineering handbooks and are often displayed as posters in engineering workshops.
The charts give information such as that in Tables 2.2 and 2.3. Cutting speed
Material type
(m/min)
Products and services Mild steel 30–38
The main driver of economic activity through which wealth can be generated is the Cast iron 18–24
provision of products and services. Carbon steel 21–40
Products Stainless steel 23–40
Products are types of goods that are manufactured and then sold to customers. Upon Aluminium 75–105
purchase, customers take ownership of products, which can then be used when the Brass 90–210
customer needs them until they break down or wear out and have to be repaired or
replaced. Products are physical items such as cars, washing machines and bicycles.
Services
A service can be described as a series of activities that provides benefit (value) to
customers. Examples of services are the processing of a credit card transaction by a
bank or an MOT inspection by a garage.
Key terms
Product – the final tangible outcome of a manufacturing process, often referred to
in economics as ‘goods’ (e.g. a car, television or chair).
Service – activities that provide some intangible benefit to a customer (e.g.
processing a credit card payment or performing an MOT inspection on a car).
Working in small groups, list some services that you might associate with the
PAUSE POINT
engineering sector.
Hint Such services might involve disassembly, maintenance activities or part replacement.
Extend Choose one of the engineering services you identified and break it down into the
separate steps that would be involved in its delivery.
Common processes used to manufacture engineered products
Bench fitting
Bench fitting is the general term used for a wide range of engineering workshop
activities carried out at a bench, which needs to be substantial and rigid and usually
has a steel working surface. The fitter’s vice (see Figure 2.1) is possibly the most
important piece of equipment in bench fitting. It is used to secure a workpiece or
assembly in place while the engineer uses hand tools such as files, saws or taps.
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