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Personality and Intelligence Essay

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1000 word limit essay for the 'Personality and Intelligence' psychology module. Answering the question: 'With relevant theory and research evidence, critically discuss the view that there are sex differences in personality'.

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  • January 25, 2023
  • January 25, 2023
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By: ABCD2222 • 7 months ago

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RGYN
With relevant theory and research evidence, critically discuss the view that there are
sex differences in personality.


Links have been made between sex and personality that suggest that sex is a factor

in differences in personality amongst men and women in a population. These links have

been made and tested over the years in various studies that have collected significant

evidence to suggest that this is the case (Feingold, 1994).




Personality can be explained through separate traits such as what is suggested by

the ‘Big Five’ personality structure (Goldberg, 1993). This divides personality into 5 areas

that are assessed and scored separately to show different levels in each trait such as

neuroticism and openness etc. These traits are affected by didn’t factors within each person

tested, sex is one of those factors. A study done by Budaev (1993) investigated this link

along with testing evolutionary thesis. This study supports the previous claims that there are

sex differences in personality especially in the ‘Big Five’ model. Findings showed that

females in the study showed significantly higher levels of agreeableness and lower levels of

emotional stability when compared to their male counterparts thus showing that sex

differences do exist among people. Budaev explained these findings using evolutionary

theory suggesting that this difference could be due to dominance related aggression in

humans with regards to social dominance, similar to how other mammals behave (Buirski et

al, 1978). The study by Buirski et al (1978) looked into the differences in chimpanzees. The

study looked at possible differences in personality and dominance within sexes to which it

did find sex differences in the personalities thus further strengthening the argument in favour

of sex differences in personality.




Cross cultural studies have also been conducted to investigate if the sex differences

in western participants can also be observed in the rest of the world. A meta-analysis by

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