Lecture notes
PSYU9IN - Individual differences WEEK 5
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- The University Of Stirling (UoS)
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WEEK 510 October 2022 16:32
5.2 Trait Approaches to Personality PERSONALITY, SEXUALITY & HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION
5.3 Personality, Culture, Sex and Gender
Allport SEXUALITY
• 17953 personality words Personality, Gender and Unconscious Bias • Feelings, thoughts, attraction and behaviour towards other people
• Reduced to "only" 4500
• Cardinal, central and secondary traits Sociosexual orientation inventory (SOI)
Willingness to engage in casual, uncommitted sexual relationships
CATTELL'S 16 MAJOR SOURCES FACTORS
And so on...
International sexuality discription project:
Cattell: validity
• Link scoring SOI and narcissism across cultures!
• Cooper, cites studies showing failure to replicate Gender bias
Narcissists:
• Interpersonally manipulative...
TRAIT APPROACH ARE THERE GENEDER DIFFERENCES?
• Less committed to long-term partners
• Dimensions along which people differ Aggression?
Cant be directly observed & develop vaild tests Emotional stability?
• Should stay constant over time and situation How nurturing you are?
SEXUALITY AND THE BIG 5
• How and why differ
Meta-analysis:
Otherwise purely descriptive SEX DIFFERENCE THEORIES
Heritability? • BIOLOGICAL/evolutionary (NATURE)
Underlying cause Different behaviors are adaptive for each sex
Hunters vs child-reaerrs
ESTABLISH THE DIMENSIONS Men´s brain bigger but women´s are more connected (11%) men is bigger gennerally
• Factor analysis
• COGNITIVE CAUSES?
Men: mental rotation and spatial awareness No single genetic determinant of GAY
Women: multitasking /socialisation On genetic level, no single continuum from straight to gay!
• SOCIAL LEARNING (NUTURE)
Taught to us society FEMALE SEXUALITY AND HC USE
Conforming to gender roles
WHAT ABOUT IN MORE EQUAL societies?
No! Larger gender differences in more egalitarian societies
GOLDBERG
• Reviewed exsiting work, suggested five factors
COSTA &McCRAE
5 NEO-PI + 6 facets (describe the traits) per traits INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE
• Partner and couple issues: partner encouragement use contraception direct effect on behav
NEO-PI-R gonna use or not
HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION
Methods containing synthetic estrogen (normally ethinyl estradiol) and progestogen (a synthetic v
of progesterone) DISTRUPT female naturally cycle hormone
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES – CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
WIERD – Western, educated, industrialized , rich, democratic
Unlike 88% of Earth population
BIG 5 ALIGNMENT
But very much like participants in psychology experiments
IMPLANT!! = LOTTE
WHAT DO HC´S DO TO FEMALE NATURAL HORMONES?
67% undergraduate psychology students
ULTIMATUM GAME
DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY OF EARLY AND MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
(COMBINED METHOD)
SYNTHETIC PROGESTERONE ALTER CERVICAL MUCUS AND CAUSES CHANGES TO THE ENDOMETRI
Different results for different cultures = MAKES IT HARD FOR SPERM TO REACH TO UTERUS. MAKE THE OPENING THICK
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL ILLUSIONS
HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION refers to borth control and act on endocrine system
HC´s and the brain
FOUR DIMENSIONS OF INTROVERSION
• SOCIAL
Like doing things alone, avoid bustle
• THINKING
Reflective, inward-looking, self-analytic
• ANXIOUS
Feel awkward in social situations
• RESTRAINED Depending on where they lived, either tall buildings vs flat landscape, you can
Like to take things slowly, deliberately
LOTTE BETTER THAN ME? MAYBE TEST IT ON A STANDRADIZED TEST AND COMPARE!
ANALYZE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTRACEPTION AND PERSONALITY
Strong correlation with autism and one of these dimensions.
STAR-? Is each dimension. And each number is correlation with the other
variable. Social dimension vs Extraversion = -0.68 correlation!
HEXACO
LECTURES Page 1
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