4. Describe And Evaluate Bowlby\'s Theory Of Attach
4. Describe and evaluate Bowlby\'s theory of attach
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4. Describe and evaluate Bowlby's theory of attachment ( 16 marks)
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4. Describe and evaluate Bowlby\'s theory of attach
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4. Describe And Evaluate Bowlby\'s Theory Of Attach
4. Describe and evaluate Bowlby's theory of attachment ( 16 marks)
Bowlby argued that humans are just like other animals – we need an innate tendency to form attachments with a caregiver as it provides a survival advantage. Bowlby’s monotropic theory has 5 distinct elements:Adaptive , Critical...
4 describe and evaluate bowlbys theory of attachment 16 marks bowlby argued that humans are just like other animals – we need an innate tendency to form attachments with a caregiver as it prov
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4. Describe and evaluate Bowlby's theory of
attachment ( 16 marks)
Bowlby argued that humans are just like other animals – we need an innate
tendency to form attachments with a caregiver as it provides a survival
advantage. Bowlby’s monotropic theory has 5 distinct elements:Adaptive ,
Critical Period, Social releasers ,Monotropy and Internal working model.
Adaptive: Bowlby believed that Attachment behaviour is innate & evolved over
time because it serves an important survival function for infants.INFANT:
Forming an attachment is important – caregiver protests them - serves function
of helping infants survive. An infant who is not attached is not well protected &
so is unlikely to survive. PARENT: Forming an attachment ensures the survival of
their offspring – this is the only way for the parent to ensure their genes are
passed on to the next generation.
Critical period: Because attachment has survival value, infants have an innate
drive to form an attachment. This must develop within a specific time period,
known as the ‘critical period’ (CP). This is roughly the first two years of the
infant’s life.Children who do not form an attachment during the CP – have
difficulty forming attachments later on.
Social Releasers: During the CP, the quality of the attachment formed is
determined by parental sensitivity to social releasers (SR). SR are a set of innate
‘cute’ behaviours such as smiling, crying and cooing – all which elicit the attention
of the caregiver and encourage caregiving type of responses from the carer. E.g
feed and care
Monotropy: The infant will form one special emotional bond – a primary
attachment. This is known as monotropy. Which is often the infant’s biological
mother, but not always.
Internal working model : Bowlby also proposed that the monotropic bond
provides the child with an internal working model. This is a template of what to
expect out of future relationships.
This led to the development of - continuity hypothesis
1. Individuals who are secure relationships (positive template) in infancy
continue to be socially and emotionally competent – have secure
relationships with others in future
2. Individuals who have insecure relationships (negative template) in infancy
will have the same difficulties in the future.
A strength of Bowlby’s theory is that there is research support for the Continuity
hypothesis. For example, The Minnesota parent-child study (Sroufe et al, 2005)
followed participants from infancy to late adolescence and found continuity
between the quality of early attachment and later emotional/social behaviour
that the person engaged in. Individuals who were classed as securely attached
in infancy were highest rated for social competence later in childhood, were less
isolated, more popular and more empathetic. This is a strength as the internal
working memory model states just this, those with a strong attachment in
infancy will go on to be socially and emotionally competent. Therefore this
increases the validity of Bowlby’s theory.
One strength of Bowlby’s theory is that it has practical applications for the care
of adopted children.For example, Bowlby’s view that children have a critical
period to form attachments within the first year of life has led to adoption
agencies making it a priority to try to place children with families at the
youngest possible age. This is a strength as this should give them the best
chance to build a good internal working model and form strong attachments
with their new caregiver based on Bowlby’s theory and therefore go on to have
healthy attachments in the future as the theory states.Therefore, Bowlby’s
theory of attachment is useful as it has been applied to the real world with great
significance and improved the lives of adopted children. Refuting evidence for
monotropy
A weakness of Bowlby is that there is refuting evidence for the concept of
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