This AQA GCSE PE Paper Two Sports Psychology revision resource is a comprehensive study guide designed to help students prepare for the GCSE Physical Education examination, specifically the Paper Two Sports Psychology component. This resource aims to provide a thorough understanding of key concepts...
Indirect Aggression Aggression Definition Direct Aggression
Indirect aggression does not The intention to physically, verbally, Direct aggression is when there is
involve physical contact, the or psychologically harm someone actual physical contact between
aggressive act is taken out on an who is motivated to avoid such performers with the 'aggressor'
object to gain an advantage over treatment, aggression can be using physical contact to directly
an opponent. The aim is often to either direct or indirect. and deliberately inflict harm on
cause mental harm to make the their opponent.
opponent feel worried or less
confident. It may be within the
rules of the game.
Examples include: a high rugby
tackle with force, a judo performer
throwing their opponent illegally
Examples include: smashing a and with force, and a boxer
badminton shuttle hard aiming for punching below the belt.
the opponent.
, Sports Psychology - Arousal
Arousal - 'a physiological and psychological state of alertness varying from
deep sleep to intense excitement'
- As arousal increases, performers have cognitive responses (worry, panic)
and somatic responses (increased HR, sweating)
- Performers must try and develop strategies to control their arousal levels
so they are at thei optmum level for performance
- Yerkes and Dodson (1908) deceloped 'The Inverted U Theory'
- This shows that as arousal increases so does performance - up to an
optmum level
- If arousal increases further, performance will decrease
- The optimal level of arousal differs for different sporting skills
- Fine/precise movements requiring accuracy are performed best at a lower
level of arousal
- Gross skills requiring strength and power are performed best at a higher
level of arousal
Controlling Arousal Levels:
- Strategies to control arousal may be cognitive or somatic
- Deep Breathing - a somatic technique that involves exaggerating breaths in and out. This helps to control nerves and allow the athlete to focus
- Mental Rehearsal/Visualisation/Imagery - cognitive techniques. Performers picture themselves performing the skills accurately, in a calm place and being successful.
- Positive Self Talk - a cognitive technique where performers talk to themselves to reassure them that they can do it and the skills successfully.
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