Summary

Summary Notes for 2.8 IB Biology

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Module
Biology

Institution
St Clare’s International College, Oxford

Providing an in-depth, complete, and well-written description of IB biology topic 2.8, including all the mechanisms to thoroughly understand cell respiration. It includes diagrams and annotated pictures, and all important key words are highlighted.

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Uploaded on February 6, 2023
Number of pages 2
Written in 2022/2023
Type Summary

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cell
respiration
Cell Respiration

Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP

The main organic compounds used are carbohydrates (i.e. glucose), but lipids or proteins may also be used
S
• Different organic compounds will have distinct breakdown pathways and so have varied ATP yields

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that functions as an immediate source of energy when hydrolysed (to form ADP)

Aneorobic Vs Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration

• Occurs in the cytosol and does not require oxygen • Occurs in the mitochondria and requires oxygen

• Results in a small energy yield (2 ATP from glycolysis) • Results in a large energy yield (~36 ATP per glucose)

• Forms lactic acid (animals) or ethanol and CO2 (plants / yeast) • Forms carbon dioxide and water

• Also known as fermentation and is reversible " • Uses hydrogen. carriers to make ATP (oxidative phosphorylation)

Anaerobic Aerobic

I
Reactants Glucose slucose and oxygen

Combustion Partial (incomplete) Complete
Energy field Low (2ATP) High 136-38 ATP)

handucts
dioxide e
fermented carbon

private Cytosol
Water
and
mitochondria

by colosis
Cell respiration begins with the break down of glucose via a process called

glycolysis (occurs in the cytosol)

• Glucose is broken down into pyruvate (×2)

• There is a small ATP yield (net gain = 2 ATP)

• Requires the reduction of NAD+ (to form NADH)

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