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  5. Introduction to Developmental Psychology (PS1105)

Lecture notes

Notes on Pre and Post Natal Development
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These notes are on the pre and post natal development. It explains the pre-natal physical development, namely the germinal stage, embryonic stage, and foetal stage. There are also notes on foetal perceptual and cognitive development which explains the development of vestibular system, the vision, a...

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  • February 24, 2023
  • 6
  • 2022/2023
  • Lecture notes
  • Phil duke
  • Pre and post natal development

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pre and post
natal development

, pre-natal physical development

1. germinal stage: duration of 2 weeks

- the sperm penetrates the egg and creates a new cell called a zygote.

- a zygote contains 23 chromosome pairs containing genes.

- the pairs are made randomly, half from each parent.

- a zygote undergoes repeated cell division.

- it forms a ball of cells called a blastula and it becomes implanted in the uterus wall.

- initially, all blastula cells are undifferentiated.

- blastula cells become differentiated by the end of this phase.

2. embryonic stage: duration of 6 weeks

- cells rapidly differentiate and migrate. the structure is organised and now called an embryo.

- they construct major organs.

- the heart begins to beat.

- the eyes and limbs are visible.

- it grows ~1 inch long by the end of this stage.

- rapid growth brings risks from environmental hazards:

> disease: e.g. rubella. blindness and brain damage. risk when contracted in month 1 (47%), 2 (22%) and

3 (7%).

> drugs: e.g. thalidomide. severest malformations when administered during this phase.

> maternal distress: e.g. extreme anxiety and depression can cause low birth weight.

- uterine environment contributes to the developmental plan.

3. foetal stage: duration of 7 months

- the organism is recognisably human.

- it gains height (1 - 21 inches) and weight (1oz - 7lbs)

- the organs grow, and are refined.

- there is a considerable growth of the nervous system.

- the head grows to be 30% of the total body volume.

- the spontaneous movement is felt by the mother and it is a sign that the brain is controlling

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