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Assignment 1 - Essay Unit 14 - Physiological Disorders and their Care
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Physiological disorders and their careASSIGNMENT 1: THE CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE
The two physiological disorders that I have chosen are bowel cancer and Parkinson’s
disease.
A physiological disorder is a condition in which the organs in the body’s malfunction causes
illnesses. They cause a range of symptoms and effects in the body.
Rita is 34 and she has been diagnosed with stage three bowel cancer, she at first thought
her symptoms were normal until she started to feel very weak, fatigue and had a lot of
unexplained weight loss and throwing up so she went to see a doctor and she was quite
embarrassed as it was such a private subject.
Sid is 76 and he has Parkinson’s, he lives with his wife who cares for him, and he also has
carers and nurses that come in to provide him with care and any treatments he needs. Sid
has a tremor due to his Parkinson’s and he has very slow movement and his muscles are stiff
and inflexible, so he needs help with things like getting dressed and tying his laces etc. Sid
has memory problems, and he has problems with sleeping almost every night and he feels
very anxious and depressed. Sid has balance problems, and he has fallen over a few times.
Everything following relates to the case studies and how they may feel and what may
happen to them with things like symptoms and diagnosis.
,P1 – explain the causes, signs and symptoms of different types of physiological disorders on
service users
M1 – analyse the changes in body systems and functions resulting from different types of
physiological disorders
D1 – evaluate the impact of physiological disorders on the health and wellbeing of service
users
Disorder 1: digestive system disorders
The digestive system is the organs that take on food and liquids and breaks them down into
substances that the body can use for energy, growth and tissue repair. Waste products that
the body cannot use leave the body through bowel movements.
The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Digestion is the process of
turning food that you eat into nutrients, which your body then uses for energy, growth and
cell repair that is needed to survive, which are then absorbed into the body.
The purpose of the digestive system is to turn food into nutrients and energy so you can
survive and when it is done it diposes this waste for disposal for when you have a bowel
movement. Your body needs digestion for nutrients from the food that you eat and the
liquid that you drink in order for you to stay healthy and for your body to function properly.
Your digestive system breaks down these nutrients from the foods and the liquids to use for
important things like energy, growth and repairing cells. The main organs that make up the
, digestive system are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
rectum and anus. The pancreas, gall blader and the liver help these organs along the way.
There are 7 steps of digestion are ingestion, propulsion, secretion, mechanical digestion,
chemical digestion, absorption and defecation.
The fist step is ingestion, this refers to the entry of food to the alimentary canal through the
mouth. This is where the food is chewed and mixed with saliva.
The second step is propulsion, this is when the food eaves the mouth when the tongue and
pharyngeal muscles move it into the oesophagus. This is the act of swallowing.
The secretion of digestive enzymes and other substances liquefied and chemically breaks
down food.
Mechanical digestion is a physical process that does not change the chemical nature of the
food, it makes the food smaller to increase the surface area and the mobility. It includes
chewing as well as tongue movements that help to break up the food into smaller bits and
to mix food with saliva. The mechanical churning of food in the stomach aids along to break
the food apart and to expose more of its surface area to digestive juices creating an acidic
‘soup’ called chyme.
Chemical digestion starts in the mouth and the digestive secretion breaks down complex
food molecules into their chemical building blocks. The secretion varies in the composition,
but it usually contains water, different enzymes, acids or salts. This process is completed in
the small intestine.
Food that is broken down now has no value to the body unless it enters the bloodstream,
and its nutrients are put to work. This happens through the process of absorption, which
takes place within the small intestine. This is where most of the nutrients are absorbed from
the lumen of the alimentary canal into the bloodstream through the epithelial cells. The
lipids are absorbed into lacteals, and they are transported via the lymphatic vessels to the
bloodstream.
The last step is defecation, this is where undigested materials are removed from the body as
faeces.
Bowel cancer:
Bowel cancer is a term for cancer that begins in the
large bowel, and it is depending on where the cancer
starts the bowel cancer can sometimes be called colon
on rectal cancer. Cancer is when abnormal cells start to
divide and grow in an uncontrolled way, the cells then
grow into surrounding tissues or argand and they can
spread to other areas of the body.
The colon is the fist part of the large bowel, it is about 5
feet long and it has 4 sections, cancer can develop in any of these sections:
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