This summary contains the information from the chapters 1 / m 12 (only deductive reasoning) that must be learned for 0HV60 exam. The bold words are the concepts from the book. These are all specified, including the definition. Furthermore, here and there some additional information from the slides ...
TEST BANK FOR THE PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN MARGARET W. MALTINS 7TH EDITION WITH INSTRUCTORS MANUAL ALL CHAPTERS.
Cognitive Psychology, 8th edition (Matlin)
Course 2.1 Problem 5 - Imagine this
All for this textbook (7)
Written for
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (TUE)
Psychology and Technology
0HV60 Thinking And Deciding
All documents for this subject (15)
4
reviews
By: tijnlax • 7 year ago
By: creugebrink • 8 year ago
By: amberkoenders • 8 year ago
By: mariascholten • 8 year ago
Translated by Google
Clear and structured!
Seller
Follow
SuzeA
Reviews received
Content preview
Margaret Matlin
Cognitive psychology
Chapter 1 – An introduction to Cognitive Psychology
Metacognition: thinking about your thought processes.
Cognition/mental activity: the acquisition, storage, transformation and use of knowledge.
Cognitive psychology: the variety of mental activities such as perception, memory, imagery,
language, problem solving, reasoning and decision making/a particular theoretical approach.
Cognitive approach: a theoretical orientation that emphasizes people’s though processes and their
knowledge.
Aristotle emphasized the importance of empirical evidence, scientific evidence obtained by careful
observation and experimentation.
The founder of psychology, Wilhelm Wundt, proposed that psychology should study mental
processes using a technique called introspection, in which carefully trained observers would
systematically analyse their own sensations and report them as objectively as possible, under
standardized conditions.
Recency effect: the observation that our recall is especially accurate for the final items in a series of
stimuli (Mary Whiton Calkins, early memory research, guidelines for teaching).
William James preferred to theorize about everyday psychological experiences (e.g. tip-of-the-
tongue-phenomenon).
Behaviorism: psychology must focus on objective, observable reactions to stimuli in the
environment, rather than introspection. The emphasis is placed on operation definition, a precise
definition that specifies exactly how a concept is to be measured.
Gestalt psychology: we humans have basic tendencies to actively organize what we see;
furthermore, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Frederic Bartlett proposed that human memory is an active, constructive process, in which we
interpret and transform the information we encounter.
Research in human linguistics, memory and developmental psychology increases the
disenchantment with behaviourism. The behaviourist approach tells us nothing about numerous
psychologically interesting processes; e.g. behaviourist principles can’t explain for alterations in
memory (+/- 1960s).
The information-processing approach argued that (a) our mental processes are similar to the
operation of a computer, and (b) information progresses through our cognitive system in a series of
stages, one step at the time.
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model proposed the memory involves a sequence of separate steps; in each
step, information is transferred for one storage of another (external input -> sensory memory
(storage system that records information from each of the senses with reasonable accuracy,
memories lost within about 30 seconds, unless somehow repeated) -> short-term memory/working
memory (holds only a small amount of information that you are actively using, fragile memories) ->
long-term memory (enormous capacity, relatively permanent compared to the information stored in
working memory).
However, enthusiasm has declined for both models, because cognitive psychologists now realize
that human thinking requires more complex models.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller SuzeA. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £3.84. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
