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  3. Nottingham Trent University (NTU)
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  5. Introduction to Human Movement

Lecture notes

The Skeletal system and Bones

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This document gives an overview of the skeletal system and bones including structures and functions. Hope you find this useful.

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  • March 5, 2023
  • March 5, 2023
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  • 2022/2023
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Skeletal system + bones

The Skeletal system

Functions of the skeletal system

1) The protection of vital organs and tissues
2) Storage and release of fats
3) Supporting the body acting as a framework
4) Red blood cell production (red marrow)
5) Creating movement by forming levers
6) Storage and release of minerals such as Calcium or Phosphorus.

Structure of the skeletal system:

The Skeletal system as a newborn baby consists of more bones, with age these bones fuse together to form
stronger bones. As an adult, the skeletal system consists of 206 bones as well as many ligaments, tendons,
cartilages and other connective tissues. 20% of a person’s mass is their skeleton.

Bone structure

Types of Bone tissue cells

1) Osteocytes - responsible for maturing bone cells
2) Osteoblasts - form new bone tissue through calcification
3) Osteoclasts - remove old bone tissue by releasing enzymes and acids which break down protein and minerals
in the bone matrix.

REMEMBER – The ‘B’ in Osteoblasts = Building new bone and the ‘C’ in osteoclasts = Clearing of old bone

Microstructure of bone

The matrix of bone consists of organic and inorganic components, organic components such as Collagen and
Protein + growth factors makes up 40%. On the other hand, Inorganic components such as mineral salts
(Calcium and Phosphate) are the other 60%.

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