Unit 10- Communication
Technologies
Assignment 1 – From End to End
Introduction:
Communication technology is the transmission of human communications through a technological
device. Humans can use this information process to help with decision-making, problem-solving, and
machine control. Most people find it difficult to imagine a world without modern communications.
As a Communications Design Engineer, my employer has asked me to compile training materials
about these toppings for both new hires and current employees, along with a list of all the
requirements.
Assignment 1 – From End to End...........................................................................................................1
Task 1.................................................................................................................................................2
Task a1...........................................................................................................................................2
LAN (Local area network)...........................................................................................................2
WAN (Wide Area Network)........................................................................................................3
Wireless.....................................................................................................................................3
Star.............................................................................................................................................3
Bus.............................................................................................................................................4
Ring............................................................................................................................................4
Mesh..........................................................................................................................................5
Tree............................................................................................................................................5
Network access methods: CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA and Token Passing..........................................6
Task 1b...........................................................................................................................................6
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)...............................................................................6
Packet Switch.............................................................................................................................7
Multiplexed................................................................................................................................7
ATM...........................................................................................................................................7
Broadband.................................................................................................................................7
Network Operating System........................................................................................................8
Network Connection Software...................................................................................................8
Task 1c...........................................................................................................................................8
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, The OSI Model...........................................................................................................................8
The TCP/IP Model......................................................................................................................9
Wi-Fi.........................................................................................................................................10
Bluetooth.................................................................................................................................10
IrDa (Infrared Data Association)...............................................................................................10
GSM/UMTS..............................................................................................................................10
WAP, WML...............................................................................................................................11
Wireless security protocols......................................................................................................11
Cellular radio............................................................................................................................12
Wireless Technologies - 802.2, 802.3, 802.5, 802.11...............................................................12
Interconnection devices for networking:.................................................................................13
Switches...............................................................................................................................13
Routers.................................................................................................................................13
Bridges.................................................................................................................................13
Wireless access points.........................................................................................................13
Mobile base stations............................................................................................................13
Network components for networking:.....................................................................................14
Servers.................................................................................................................................14
Workstation.........................................................................................................................14
Network cards......................................................................................................................14
Wireless (Modem)...............................................................................................................14
Token ring............................................................................................................................14
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................14
What are the benefits of having standards and protocols?.....................................................14
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................15
The OSI Vs TCP/IP Model.........................................................................................................15
Task 1
Task a1
LAN (Local area network)
Some people's homes and occasionally huge numbers of people's offices are located on LANs, or
local area networks. It links objects that are in the same constrained space. A small area is covered
by LAN, such as an apartment, a room, a few floors, or a building. In the context of residential usage,
user devices including computers, laptops, TVs, and newer gaming consoles are linked to the LAN
ports of the router.
Workstations, printers, scanners, and servers for employees are also present on the LAN for
corporate usage. By the way, there are several local networks in the office network, which are often
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, segregated based on their purpose: a separate LAN is formed for servers and printers, a second LAN
is made for accounting, and so on. There are also different LANs for sales, operations, and other
departments.
You may get a modem that offers an Internet connection (as well as a simple firewall), a router, and
Wi-Fi on a normal LAN or small office network. As a modem, router, and wireless access point, many
ISPs occasionally provide all three functionalities in a single combination box. You can also
occasionally discover switches, which let you divide a single Ethernet connection into many
connection points. The same network equipment is typically present on larger LANs, only in a bigger
and more effective way.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
Multiple local area networks makeup a wide area network (WAN), which may be connected by a
variety of technologies, including the Internet, and is bigger than a single city. A corporation with
three sites across the nation or the globe is the traditional illustration of a WAN. Each site has a local
area network, which is linked to other locations as a part of a larger network by means of secure
connections like VPNs or the Internet.
Wireless
Wireless is a local area network built on the basis of wireless technologies. This approach to network
construction eliminates the need for cable connections by networking devices wirelessly and using
radio for data transport. Wi-Fi is becoming the most often used building technique. Wi-Fi is
frequently utilised by a variety of enterprises to give clients quick Internet access since it is
affordable and simple to setup. For instance, you may find a free Wi-Fi hotspot at several cafes,
hotels, train stations, and airports. A device links to other devices as it passes through the service.
distributing using wireless technology.
Star
The network switch, a major computer, is directly connected to each node in a star topology, such as
offices, printers, laptops, servers, etc. The network interface card in each office is linked to a network
switch (NIC). It belongs among the most well-liked network systems. It comprises of various
hardware components or computers linked to a main computer. The server refers to the central
mainframe; any computers connected to it are referred to as clients or workstations.
The central computer that manages communication and data transfer is the first to receive the
message. The server enables the communication to reach its intended receiver or destination by
distributing resources to other computers in the network. This system's remote terminals might be
dispersed throughout a vast geographic region.
Advantages:
Star topology only necessitates a little amount of line expenditure due to the fact that
connecting n nodes requires (n - 1) lines.
If one or more of the workstations fails, the connection of the other components of the
network is unaffected.
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