Detailed lecture notes on asylum and immigration law with critical analysis. Shorthand has been used for common words i.e. b/c is because, w/o is without, the + sign for and etc. Cases and statutes are highlighted in a different colour as well as critical analysis.
Sudan country profile:
- 1899 Condominium: UK and Egypt.
- Only those countries in charge of Sudan
- 1956 independence
- North-South conflict (1955-1972); 1983-2005)
- Serious violations, mass forced displacement
- Led to the separation of the country
- 1989 Military coup
- Serious human rights violations, torture (ghost houses - undeclared detention centers)
- 2003 Outbreak Darfur conflict
- 2009 ICC arrest warrant against then President al-Bashir
- 2011 South Sudan independence
- 2011 outbreak of conflict - South Kordofan and Blue Nile
- 2018 Mass protests against regime
- 2019 June Massacre, August transitional govt
- 2021 October coup
Sudan is a country of origin, a host country and a transit country
- Host country: refugees from Eritrea, Ethiopia and South Sudan.
- Transit country: mainly Eritreans and Ethiopians
- Khartoum process:
- Containment process
- Dialogue on enhanced cooperation of migration and mobility & identify and implement concrete projects
- Focus on tackling human trafficking and people smuggling
- BUT it has made matters worse for refugees - harder to come in.
- Concerns over EU’s containment policy
- Risk following return (e.g. Italy, Belgium)
Journey to the UK:
- Main groups coming are poor, young men from certain ethnic groups with a history of prior displacement.
- UK destination country b/c of family links, language, better prospects.
- Ill-treatment by smugglers and traffickers
- Ill-treatment in Libya - they can’t stay there b/c they passed through
- Hard journeys across the Mediterranean Sea
- Living in dire conditions in countries such as Belgium and France
- Risking one’s life crossing the Channel
- You can send to safe third countries if they are not at risk of prosecution.
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