Essay
Chemistry unit 2 level 3 assignment 1 (distinction)
- Module
- Introduction to chemistry
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Unit 2 level 2 assignment 1 showing pass merit and distinction criteria
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Name of element LithiumGroup 1 alkali metal
Number of electrons in the outer shell 1 which makes it very reactive. They lose an
electron
Density It has a low density
Metal type It is a soft metal that can be cut by a kitchen knife
Melting point It has a high melting point of 181°C
Boiling point It has a high boiling point of 1,342 °C
Thermal conductivity It has a thermal conductivity of 85W/ (m K) this is
the capacity of lithium to conduct heat.
Solubility in water Lithium is slightly soluble in water
Chemical properties They are soft, shiny, silvery metals
Electrical conductivity They have high electrical conductivity because
they are ductile. Their conductivity is 11
Name of element Sodium
Group 1 alkali metal
Number of electrons in the outer shell 1 which makes it very reactive. They lose an
electron
Density It has low density
Metal type It is a silvery soft metal
Melting point It has a high melting point of 97.79 °C
Boiling point It has a high boiling point of 882.8°C
Thermal conductivity It has a thermal conductivity of 140W/ (m K)
thermal conductivity is the capacity of sodium to
conduct heat
Solubility in water The solubility is 359 g/L. Sodium is a type of salt
which melts in water. This is because water has a
covalent bond and sodium has an ionic bond,
covalent bond is stronger that’s why sodium
breaks down in the water.
Electrical conductivity They have high electrical conductivity of 20
, Name of element fluorine
Group 7 known as halogens
Number of electrons in outer shell They have 7 electrons in the outer shell they gain
one electron to have a full outer shell
Physical state Gas
Gas released color Yellow very poisonous gas
Melting point It has a low melting point of -219.6°C
Boiling point It has a low boiling point of -188°C
Thermal conductivity 0.0279 W / (m K)
Solubility in water Fluorine reacts with water very strongly to give
out hydrogen fluoride gas
Name of element chlorine
Group 7 known as halogens
Number of electrons in the outer shell It has 7 electrons in the outer shell and gains an
electron to obtain a full outer shell
Physical state gas
Color of gas released Dense green gas which is poisonous
Melting point It has a low melting point of –34.04°C
Boiling point It has a low boiling point of –34.04°C
Thermal conductivity 0.000089 W/cmK
Solubility in water Chlorine is only a little bit soluble in water. When
they react, they form hypochlorous.
All the elements in group 1 are known as alkali metals. Alkali metals are soft metals that can be cut by a
knife. Alkali metals are strong, shiny, malleable, and ductile. They are ductile because they have high
thermal and high electrical conductivity. They all have one electron in their outer shell, they are very
reactive. Alkali metals have low density, this is because they have a large atomic size especially lithium,
sodium, and potassium because they are at the top of the group. As you go down the group the
reactivity increases, they get a lower boiling and melting point. And they obtain a higher relative atomic
mass. The alkali metals turn dull when they are revealed to air, this happens because they are very
reactive, and they act quickly with oxygen. Group 1 metals react with water and form hydrogen gas.
, They are very reactive and react quickly with oxygen. When lithium is added to water it starts to fizz,
when potassium is added to water potassium starts to melt and can cause explosion.
All the elements in group 7 are known as halogens. They are toxic non-metals that release colored
vapors. The elements that are in group 7 are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and
astatine (At). Halogens are very reactive, however as we go down the group the elements become less
reactive this is because the electron goes far away from the nucleus making it less reactive. This makes it
hard for the element to gain an electron. They have low melting and boiling points. All the elements in
group 7 are the same because they all have seven electrons in the outer sell. They are poor conductors
of heat and electricity. Most of the elements in the group release poisonous gases. The bond between
the atom in a molecule is immensely powerful, however the force of attraction between the molecules
is very weak. Therefore, they have low melting points.
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