A short introduction to all basic information about memory, the types, processing, encoding and retrieval, memory organization, recall and recognition, imagery, and memory effects.
MEMORY
EPISODIC memory: facts and knowledge, independent of an episode (when did you learn
that dog ‘barks’?
SEMATIC memory:
-independent structures of memory, we can lose one and keep the other one
DECLARATIVE
PROCEDURAL
What’s in a memory?
- spatial model of world
- knowledge of physical world (physical laws and properties of objects)
- beliefs
- motor skills & planning
- perceptual skills
- language
What is a memory?
- Learning: permanent change in performance between T1 and T2
- Not due to anything else
What does memory do?
The information processing metaphor
Encoding: putting in new information
, Storage: information in storage remain until we recall it
Retrieval: recovering stored memories
Complex process of encoding-storage-retrieval
ENCODING AND RETRIEVAL
Effect of time Ebbinghaus 1889 – forgetting curve
Evaluation |Ebbinghaus 1889
Considered retention after
- Effect of repetititon
- Effect of delay
Verdict
- Passive, non-elaborative learning
- Ecological?
- Parallel with behaviorism
MEANING, CONTEXT AND KNOWLEDGE
Chunking
- Grouping elements into manageable packs
- Application to phone numbers
Organization
- Learn the following words
Types of errors:
Omission on detail
Rationalisations: finding reasons for events we don’t understand
Alternation in importance:
Transformation of order
Affect (emotional and attitudinal)
The role of meaning, Bartlett 1932 – War of the ghosts
Personal experience
Culture
Schemas
2
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