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Unit 17CD: Microbiology and Microbiological techniques
Introduction
During my work experience placement within a Scientific Research facility I will gain an insight
into their work in the study of microbiota and pathogen biology. I will have the opportunity to
study various techniques used in cultivating microorganisms and learn the importance of aseptic
techniques and biocontainment. On completion of placement, I are expected to demonstrate the
knowledge I have gained by carrying out your own investigations and reporting on the
techniques used and results obtained.
Procedures for each biosafety level
BS Access protocols PPE Agents Examples of Procedures
L and security pathogens
1 - Usually there are Gloves No known agent Influenza 1. Personnel should be
no security forms that can cause correctly trained for
measures put in Lab coat disease in health E. coli handling and disposing
place and are open. adult humans. any infectious substances.
Goggles Salmonella 2. Hand washing and
Any infectious usage of hand sanitiser
substances should If needed: takes place regularly.
be handled only by 3. No eating or drinking in
personnel who have Face shield the laboratory.
been trained 4. Sanitising work surfaces
appropriately. Double gloving 5. The correct PPE worn
correctly
Head and shoe 6. Laboratory doors locked
covers to ensure any harmful
diseases are contained.
2 Only accessible to Gloves (double There is a moderate HIV 1. Personnel should be
personnel who have gloving) risk to personnel and correctly trained for
training that allows surroundings – Candida handling and disposing
them to handle Lab coat disease can be caught albicans any infectious substances.
infectious materials by a healthy human 2. PPE should be worn at
safely Goggles adult but there are Hepatitis B all times when working
available treatment with any biological
Any other people Dual gloving methods and material.
will need to be preventative 3. Microorganisms can
trained up and Face shield measures. only be handled under a
supervised by laminar flow hood (class
trained personnel. Respirator (if II) to reduce exposure of
required) pathogen.
4. Biological safety officers
Tyvek must be designated to
ensure that the laboratory
Head and beard is compliant with the BSL-
covers (if 2 guidelines.
needed) 5. Regular testing takes
place to make sure
laboratory is
contamination free.
, 6. Any spillages must be
reported and
decontamination of the
area will take place.
7. Laboratory access is
restricted to authorised
personnel only.
3 Only accessible to Gloves There is a high risk to Anthrax 1. Personnel should be
personnel who have personnel and correctly trained for
training that allows Lab coat surroundings – Brucella handling and disposing
them to handle diseases here are any infectious substances.
infectious materials Goggles potentially lethal and Botulism 2. Plans should be put in
safely lack or don’t have place if an emergency
Face shield any effective situation takes place.
Any other people treatments and 3. A dedicated area for any
will need to be Impermeable preventative agents or materials that are
trained up and gown measures. used in the lab should be
supervised by secured and locked away
trained personnel. Head and shoe in a storage area.
covers 4. The laboratory should
The laboratories also have safety features to
tend to have security Respirator with ensure that the area is
measures put in HEPA filter secured, things such as:
place to contain the HEPA filtration and self-
diseases as well as to Tyvek locking doors.
keep people from 5. Any activities must be
breaking in (locked conducted under the
doors and controlled guidance of a written plan
access systems). and reviewed and
approved by the
Institutional Biosafety
Committee.
6. Must handle
microorganisms in a
laminar flow hood (class
III) – providing the highest
level of protection against
the exposure to airborne
pathogens.
4 Only accessible to Gloves There is an extreme Tularemia 1. Personnel should be
personnel who have risk to personnel and correctly trained for
training that allows Lab coat surroundings – Plague handling and disposing
them to handle diseases here are of a any infectious substances.
infectious materials Goggles high-risk of being Ebola 2. A decontamination
safely life-threatening and protocol should be
Positive pressure have no known Lassa fever followed for personnel,
No unauthorised suit effective treatments materials and waste.
personnel are and preventative 3. Personnel working in
allowed within the Tyvek measures. the laboratory will need to
laboratories be medically monitored
, Powered air- and vaccinated
The laboratories also purifying appropriately.
tend to have security respirator 4. An emergency response
measures put in (PAPR) plan should be put in
place to contain the place.
diseases as well as to Self-contained 5. Any activities must be
keep people from breathing conducted under the
breaking in (locked apparatus guidance of a written plan
doors and controlled (SCBA) and reviewed and
access systems). approved by the
Positive pressure Institutional Biosafety
personnel Committee.
airlock 6. Must handle
microorganisms in a
laminar flow hood (class
III) – providing the highest
level of protection against
the exposure to airborne
pathogens.
Types of biosafety cabinets
Biosafety Function of cabinet Examples of pathogens
cabinet classes handled
I These biosafety cabinets are made for laboratory works to E.coli
work with low-risk biological agents and materials and to Yeasts
ensure the protection of the environment. These agents Moulds
tend to cause irritation to the skin or eye infections. A Giardia
HEPA filter is used to pull in room air to provide the Animal and plant cells/tissue
operator with protection as the air will blow over the
work surface to ensure that any contaminants are
removed as well as allowing any materials to have a
reduced chance of being contaminated by the
environment. These are commonly used at colleges,
schools and universities.
II This is used to observe moderate-risk microorganisms, it Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is designed to protect the materials within from the Varicella-zoster virus
environment as well as ensuring the safety of the operator Herpes simplex virus
from exposure to any airborne pathogens. These can also Influenza virus
result in respiratory infections, like the class I, it has a Coxsackie virus
HEPA filter blowing the work surface to ensure the
removal of contamination which will then result in the
filtered air being recirculated back into the laboratory.
These tend to be used in hospitals, biomedical
engineering and environmental testing laboratories.
III These are the most advanced forms of biosafety cabinets Ebola virus
as they are used to handle the most dangerous biological Hendra Virus
agents which present a high risk of inhalation hazard. If Strains of Yersinia pestis
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