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All of Nationalism notes for A-level politics
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- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Has summarises the whole of Nationalism Chapter, includes exam plans, key thinkers and case studies.
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Nationalism:Human nature:
- Civic, liberal nationalism:
o Ratoinalism, Humans are equal, Pragmatism
- Culturalism
o Shared emotional connection
o Centred on folksiest
o Exclusive- takes time to be part of
- Expansionist Chuavism
o Most Irrational- Believe some nations are better than others
o Could lead to integral nationalism
The State
- All agree on the role of the state in sence of nation state, should be governing body for the
nation
- Liberal/anti-colonial see nation-state as the only form of government- not influenced by
other nation-states and free to decide own destiny within own borders
- Liberal internationalists- want all nation-states to work together for peace and order,
regulated by supranational law and states (EU e.g)
- Conservative nationalists: value nation-state as only socially and culturally cohesive unit,
binding the nation
- Chuavinist/expansionist/colonial reject it except for a few priviledged nations that are
developed enough.
Society
- Civil nationalists – share vision of society requiring active participation, inclusive rather than
based on shared experiences – progressive and inclusive
- Culturalism based on ethnicity, being ‘born into’ the society (culture, religion, language) -
exclusive
- Extreme culturalism moves forward to chauvinism and racialism, ‘us and them’ mentality,
regressive
The economy:
• Liberal nationalists want individual nation-states to cooperate economically to avoid
disputes and promote peace, rational resolutions and prosperity
• Socialist internationalists see nationalism based on economic exploitation of weak
economies by strong capitalist ones – Lenin and Garvey arguing that this exploitation is
hidden
• Garvey – black people respected only when economically strong and with an independent
black economy
• Chauvinistic nationalism rejects economic reliance or cooperation as sees other nations as a
threat – autarky, self-sufficiency – this then leads to colonialism as need for resources grows
, What are the 3 paradoxes of nationalism?
- It can be a force for peace or violence
- It can be a force for democracy or dictatorship
- It can be either progressive, moving towards improving society, or
reactionary, opposing progress or reform
Why are these in that order?
- Liberal nationalism- Rational= states are equal, Civic= based on the
governance of the state, inclusive= one has the right to become a
citizen without specific similarities, Progressive= more to imp
- Anti and post-colonial nationalism: Rational= anyone can join, Civic= state as the only form
of government- not influenced by other nations-, inclusive = states and free to decide their
own destiny within their own borders, progressive= more improvements
- Conservative: irrational= value nation-state as only socially and culturally cohesive unit,
binding the nation but can take time to associate yourself as one, not civic= tradition and
heritage tie them together however use institutions and associated instititions with
tradition, reactionary=
- Chauvinistic/expansionist- irrational-
Catalonia’s Independence referendum: liberal nationalism- fighting for freedom, plays in role with
democracy
What? Illegal independence referendum on October 1 st, 2017 if the Catalan government will become
separate from Spain.
Why do they want to become independent? Was a country that was unified in 1869 Catalonia- is
one of the wealthiest regions, it is a tourist hub in Barcelona, and enjoys most self-government than
any other region in the county.
- Economics and welfare- citizens are angered by the tax that they have to pay compared to
other parts of the country, and the amount of welfare spent for Catalonia compared to the
rest of the country.
- Language- in 2001, 75% of the population in Catalonia speak Catalonian, not Spanish – this
shows that there is a divide between Spanish and Catalonian nationalism- culture. The
Spanish constitution rejected the policy that would have given the Catalonian language
preferential status. Which enraged the Catalonians
- Respect- pro-independence argue that there is a mandate for pro-independence, only won
48% of the vote, but 53% of seats in 2017
- Pro-independence secessionists argue that it is democratic
Why do some people are against independence? Arguments that are against this are that this
welfare distribution is needed for the poorer parts of the country, and the EU deal is most beneficial
to Catalona compared to other regions in Spain.
- Law-
Result: Violence by police to stop voters from voting
The guardian summary:
- The elites play a large role as they bring back the rights with agreeance with the Spanish
government.
- Catalan nationalism: liberal nationalism, extreme culturalism “extreme culturalism”, have
- Law vs democracy: Secessionists have attempted to use democracy to achieve this, pro-
remain have said that this deprives other citizens of rights.
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