Lecture notes
Articulation of consonant sounds
- Module
- Eng 301
- Institution
- University College London (UCL)
This notes cover an introduction to phonetics and phonology particularly articulation of English consonants sounds .
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CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH SOUNDS1
,Consonants
—- sounds articulated with some degree of constriction in the vocal tract.
—-described in relation to their position in syllables, and also to a large
extent, their phonetic nature (articulations involving the obstructions or
narrowing, which produce acoustic noise components).
There are 24 consonants in English, classified according to (1) place, (2)
manner (stricture) and voicing.
Voicing
A classification according to the state of the glottis during sound
production, e.g. as voiced or voiceless.
Voiced sounds are made with the vocal folds slightly touching each other
so that the air passing through them causes the vocal folds to vibrate.
2
, E.g. in English: [b, m, v, ð, d, n, ɹ, l, z, ʒ, dʒ, j, ɡ, ŋ]
and in other languages:
[β, ɱ, z, ɾ, ɮ, ʑ, ɽ ɖ ɳ ʝ, ɲ, ɣ, ʟ, ɰ, ɢ, ɴ, ʀ, ʁ]
Voiceless Sounds: are made with an open glottis (vocal folds are
wide apart) so that the air passes through without causing the
vocal folds to vibrate.
e.g. in English [p, f, θ, t, s, ʃ, tʃ, k, h, ʔ]
and in some other languages.
[ɸ, ɬ, ʂ, ʈ c, ç, x, q, χ, ħ, ʕ, ʔ,]
3
, Place of Articulation
Place of Articulation: the location in the vocal tract where an
articulation or a constriction occurs.
For most articulation the term used to describe the place of
articulation is based on the name of the passive articulator concerned.
Examples: uvula
Bilabial:-both the upper and the lower lips are active articulators for
this place. In their articulation, the two lips come together causing
some degree of constriction to the flow of air in the vocal tract.
E.g. in English [p, b, m]
[β, ɸ, ʙ] in some other languages.
4
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