Summary
Summary Restoration of the English Monarchy after republicanism
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
This includes events and you highlighting key factors in the restoration settlement
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The Restoration Settlement- Monarchy is restored Topic 7Type of Government – Acts passed Why was there tension?
Aims
The first (Stage one) – Declaration of Breda – Charles II promises to parliament. We can say that there can be some tension because parliament was trying
The Convention Retain the 1641 Triennial Act – even if the King did not call to protect its own powers, and were limiting the King's prerogative powers.
Parliament, not called by parliament, new elections would take place anyway. This is worrying as the king believed in Divine right (that he was chosen by
the monarch so it’s not Abolition of Prerogative Courts confirmed God and only answerable to him only)
considered as a Restored Anglican Church and Bishops
parliament, was elected in Act of Uniformity and oblivion-only regicides and 9 other
April 1660. Reconciliation individuals were exempted from pardon.
between the 2 and there
were clear limits on
monarchical power, to
protect the power of
parliament and the
common law.
The Second Stage – The Abolition of feudal tenures= monarch could no longer raise Charles wanted to suspend the Act of uniformity by issuing the Declaration
Cavalier Parliament 1661 a forced loan. of Indulgence. His Father was a catholic and mother, spent most of his time
They were very royalist 1661- Militia act = king alone was in supreme command of with his French cousin. There was a Treaty with France 1670-when he
and only wanted revenge. the armed forces. needed money France would give it and then Charles II would be financially
Weakening the independent. Foreign Policy- France was Catholic, and there was a 2nd Anglo
restrictions that were held Dutch War - against Dutch (protestant) so they were able to destroy trade
,on the King's powers, e.g., 1661 Corporation Act = only Anglicans could sit on the taxes and English Ships= humiliation and expensive. The marriage between
triennial act militia act. borough (governed many ports and market towns, many Charles II daughter Mary and William Of Orange (Dutch).
They also had an effect on were puritans). Exclusion crisis- When Shaftesbury and the Whigs used the Popish Plot to
the religious conflict that (1662 Acts) Hearth Tax = to increase royal revenue, this was exclude James II from the throne line. The Cabal -had to get rid of his
had undermined effective a tax on each hearth, fireplace or stove in any household. advisors, Danby was used as a scapegoat in the popish plot. There were
political development Licensing Act -reintroduced censorship of the press. fears of Catholicism during the Great fire of London and the Plague. There
since 1625. Quaker Act = gave powers to judges to wear an oath of were also some financial problems during his reign due to the expensive
allegiance (impossible as Quakers could not wear any oaths War spending =still was financially dependent on parliament.
in their religion, resulting in many getting imprisoned.
1664-revised the triennial act =no mechanisms to enforce
parliament to be called every 3 years, as the act was
weakened it benefited the King.
Conventicle Act- harsh punishment to those who tried to
have religious meetings outside the church. Attempt to
destroy puritanism but actually drove much larger numbers
of Presbyterians. To become non-conformists and dissenters.
1665- Five-mile act= non-conformists ministers could not
come within 5 miles of any city, borough or parish where
they had served.
,Religious Changes- The Cavalier parliament didn’t look at the details of having a religious Presbyterians- royals and moderate There was no reconciliation as the
settlement, so they decided upon a meeting at the savoy palace-1661. This led to many of puritans to have a place in church High Church were the ones with the
the people being non-conformists/dissenter, this is because they couldn’t conform to the and wanted a monarch. most influence and were supported
Anglican Church. (The issue of non-conformity will be looked at in chapter 2) Middle-Latitudinarians-wanted by Parliament. This led to more
more flexibility so that it allowed a moderate puritans into dissenters
broader range of religious ideas to and nonconformists, and were
be accomplished. persecuted and NOT given any
(Influential and have a say)- High Religious Toleration. This led to
Church/Laudian-restoration of the tension between the monarch and
Laudian system led by Gilbert Parliament as both James II and
Sheldon (Later went to become Charles II wanted toleration for
Archbishop of Canterbury) those groups – Declaration of
Indulgence and parliament stopped
this by attempting to pass a Test
Act.
, Did the Restoration Settlement solve the financial issues that has been a cause of the The king could no longer raise money This wasn’t enough money for
Civil War? from any feudal taxes/ship money. Charles to be financially
Parliament grants Charles II income independent now parliament aid
from customs and excise tax, hearth and retain some financial control
tax but this raised a lot less than over the King. = shows that there
expected. was still some tension, Charles II
now had to find alternative ways of
raising money so he is not
dependent on parliament.
How did conflict over religion develop in the 1670s- 80s- The Popish Plot and the Exclusion Crisis?
● In August 1678- a story created by Godfrey of a plot that had been organised by the Jesuits and the French and that they were going to
murder Charles II and replace him for his catholic brother James II. This story was created to challenge Danby’s power and to influence
parliament to move in the direction that they desired... The earl of Danby was Charles II adviser, and his political rivals were the Whigs
-anti Danby majority. They stated that Danby’s method of parliamentary management had included a level of bribery and corruption.
Charles dissolves the cavalier parliament in order to save Danby in January 1679, new elections produce an anti-Danby majority.
● The exclusion bill was created to exclude James II from the line of the throne (succession) they wanted the throne to be given to the Duke
of Monmouth who was Charles II illegitimate son and protestant. But Charles was determined that this wouldn’t be the case. Another
reason being is that they wanted to exclude Catholicism from the country and a possibility that James II could kill Protestantism, and CH
and his wife were getting older + no heir. So when the Whigs tried to pass yet another exclusion bill he dissolved parliament and ordered
the arrest of Shaftesbury for treason.
After 1681- Charles II was in a much stronger position than before. From his treaty with his French cousin Louis he got French money as the 1st
payment reached +100,000- he got financially independent so he no longer needed parliament the popish plot and the exclusion bill was finally
over. In 1683- The Rye house plot that allowed a necessary means to destroy any remaining Whig leader.
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