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  2.  
  3. PEARSON (PEARSON)
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  5. History 2015
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  7. Unit 1C - Britain, 1625-1701: conflict, revolution and settlement

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Summary for the first chapter on political instability

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This is an in-depth summary of this whole chapter One, and why there was key tension between the monarchy and Parliament. One key question that keeps rising in this chapter is how revolutionising each event or rule.

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  • February 12, 2023
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  • 2022/2023
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The Quest for Political Stability- 17th century Chapter One
Why did the monarchical Government fail in the years 1625-49? 7 Topics


KEY

Events Dates Acts passed

The reign of Charles I: Topic 1

March 1625- Charles became king of the kingdom’s this was England, Ireland and Scotland. There were already many problems coming to the
surface. Charles had a very stubborn nature; he inherited his belief in divine right. That he was chosen by God and only answerable to him only.
These conflicts led him to rule without parliament as a personal rule, after this ended it led to further tension with parliament resorting in two
Civil wars and his Execution.

Date Factor Issue Who’s How does it cause tension between the
actions king and parliament?
Marriage – Religion He married Henrietta Maria who was a French princess Charles and Many of the MPs in parliament were
May 1625 Foreign policy and catholic too. She started to make her own court of Buckingham puritans (strict protestants) and they
catholic advisers. Charles I also started to show more had were worried that their country may be
religiously sympathetic towards Armenian clergy, and negotiated Catholic due to the heirs and more
promoting them. the marriage influence too. - Charles II the promotion
of an Armenian is seen as an Issues as
he is more Catholic
June 1625 Finance and political Commons were attacked tonnage and poundage granted Parliament This caused tension because Charles
to Charles for only 1 year and Charles never discussed anything with
A Cadiz expedition fails parliament, poor relations with foreign
Buckingham countries. A disaster for Buckingham
shows his power going downhill.
Parliament ----------------- --------------------------------
dissolved
June 1626 Political Impeachment of Buckingham talks continues. What Parliament Tension because parliament will act
happens is that Charles dissolves parliament again. against him

,Sept 1626 Financial Charles demanding a forced loan Charles Illegal MPs don’t agree
Parliament
Feb 1627 Foreign policy War against France policy encouraged by Buckingham. Buckingham War with other countries not being
Financial Charles starts to fight the war without support from and Charles resolved. Taxing people illegally
parliament and money e.g ship money raised.
Oct same year Foreign policy and Il De Rochelle a failed attempt to support a protestant Buckingham Can’t solve anything goes against
financial rebellion parliament
November Financial They had refused to pay a forced loan, had been Charles Illegal Petition of Right And trial before
same year imprisoned and sued for release. Also refused the Prerogative seen guilty
opportunity to go to court due the king claiming a right to courts
arrest. The five knights case
1628 Charles Political June- petition of right, citizens won’t be forced to pay the Parliament Charles accepted the petition of right
3rd parliament forced loan or imprisoned without a trial. July – William when he revised it so that he could take
Laud promoted to bishop of London Aug- Buckingham tonnage and poundage.
assassinated MPs cheers his death.
1629 March Political Black old comes and MPs don’t let him in. The speaker is This was seen as too extreme by some
held in his chair until resolutions are passed, he is trying to MPs and also. Made Charles I angry as
end parliament. the MPs were refusing to pass anything
This was the common protestation. he wanted. Common’s protestations
they said that if anyone tried change
religion or Introduce popery, raise
subsides for Tonnage and Poundage not
granted by parliament, and if they pay
these illegal taxes voluntarily were all a
betrayer of the liberties of England or
kingdom


Some questions to think about

⮚ What factor can be seen as the most significant in causing tension between Charles I and Parliament?
⮚ How can this factor be seen as less significant in causing tension in contrast to another factor That can Also be seen as causing tension?
⮚ What is the significance of Charles' continuous dissolving of Parliament?
⮚ Can Charles be seen as an absolute monarch?

, A factor that can be seen as the most significant in causing political tension between Parliament and Charles is finance as the king was
increasingly dependent on the Parliament to raise money or collect taxes in order to aid his foreign wars and make the Crown more financially
stable which is why it led to his decision to dissolve Parliament. During his personal rule had to use extra extraordinary measures to raise money
this indirectly let to more tension

Many historians have argued that Charles I was seen as an absolute monarch, as he deliberately did this so he could destroy Parliament governed
entirely by the authority of divine right.

His personal rule has been described as the “Eleven years of tyranny" Although others have challenged this argument as Charles was able to
create an efficient and stable system of government, based on his own political and religious belief. There are moments when people reacted and
resisted his personal rule; it came to an abrupt end when he issued the book of common prayer on the Scottish Church having knowledge of their
religious beliefs.

Personal Rule and It’s Failure 1629-40 Topic 2


⮚ How did Charles I govern during his personal financial rule?
⮚ Did he bring about any religious changes?

Method How it raised money Why was it unpopular?
Reorganise It was a more efficient collection of money from these Parliament hadn't agreed it was illegal although no Charles felt he could
d lands. collect these lands as he was the monarch and he had divine right as a king
manageme
nt of Crown
lands
Tonnage New impositions created for the collection of these taxes. Parliament had only granted for one year not for life Charles was illegally
and collecting these taxes.
poundage
Monopolies Practice for selling Monopoly was Revived. Gave one This led to a negative impact on small business people as they were the
individual the right to dominate a production of a certain most affected. As many people were already selling soap and producing
product. He issued a monopoly patent for the production soap, they felt resentment and this was a subject of public debate; it was
of soap. driving them out of their businesses. Prices were increased to benefit the
King's Revenue.

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