Full set of notes on KQ3 - Why had international peace collapsed by 1939. Includes fully evaluation of the policy of appeasement, as well as context for the international relations of the decade. This document helped me achieve a Grade 9 at GCSE.
- Scapegoats
o Hitler could use the Tov as a basis for his Foreign policy
o It justified his aggressive actions
- Justification for Appeasement
o Since it was seen as harsh, Chamberlain’s policy of appeasement
(allowing Hitler to gain territory without confrontation) was seen as
acceptable in Britain
- Caused the death of the LoN
o By upholding an unfair treaty, the USA did not join the LoN making
the League weak
o Therefore, causing aggression to spread (e.g. Manchuria, Abyssinia)
- Undermined the Weimar Republic
o The German politicians, such as Ebert, became known as the
‘November Criminals’ for ‘betraying’ Germany by signing an unfair
treaty
o This allowed Nazis to come to power as people were not happy with
democracy
Long – Term consequences of the failure of the LoN
- Rise of dictators
o Hitler – the failure of the LoN enabled the NSDAP Party to grow in
confidence and votes as it continued unopposed
o Mussolini – was allowed to invade Abyssinia and grow in strength
and confidence; there was no opposition now
o Franco – was no longer prevented from winning the Spanish Civil
War and teamed up with Hitler and Mussolini
o Stalin- supported Republicans against Nazis in Spanish Civil War,
caused friction
- Increase in individual treaties/rise in mistrust
o Mutual Assistance Pact
o Munich Agreement
o Nazi-Soviet Pact
o Countries now began to seek their won circles of friends for
protection and were willing to side with whomever was most
convenient at the time, causing even more mistrust
, - Rearmament
o It was clear that the LoN would not protect member countries – so
countries had to re-arm
o Britain abandoned ‘Ten Year Rule’ in 1932 (this had promised no
war for 10 years)
o Bought latest equipment – Howitzers and 5 new battleships in mid-
1930s
o France built the Maginot Line
o Germany tested troops in Spanish Civil War – recreated Luftwaffe,
signed deal with Soviet Russia to train pilots and build tanks on their
land
o Developed new weapons
The Increasing Militarism of Germany, Italy and Japan
Hitler’s Foreign Policy Aims
- Create Third Reich
o Hitler wanted a Germany that would last for a thousand years to
match the power of the Kaiser’s
o He wanted this mythical bond between land and people
- Defeat Communism
o Stalin was seen as the great enemy of Fascism
o Defeating Communism would get land in the East and appease the
West
- Lebensraum
o Slavs were seen as inferior (‘untermensh’) and so defeating
territories in the East would provide ‘living space’ there
- Destroy ToV
o Hitler had promised his voters he would tear it up and win back
lands lost in the ToV
o This included parts of Alsace-Lorraine, Rhineland and Posen
- Anschluss
o Hitler promised to unite ALL Germany speaking people
o This included those in Austria
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