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Unit 12A applied science complete assignment
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- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Complete unit 12A assignment
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Infectious and non-infectious diseases.P1:
Bacteria:
Structure of bacteria:
Bacteria cells are unicellular prokaryotic
their cells contain:
Cytoplasm
Cell surface membrane
Peptidoglycan cell wall
No membrane bound organelles
No real nucleus as the DNA is
free floating in the cytoplasm
Plasmids (small rings of DNA)
and a large circular loop of DNA
Small 70s ribosomes (smaller
than the eukaryotic cells)
Their size range is between 0.2 - 2µm in diameter and 1 - 8µm in length. The study of
bacteria is called bacteriology.
Bacterial disease (Tuberculosis):
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection which is spread when a person inhales the droplets
from the coughs or sneezes of someone who is infected. TB is caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. TB can affect any part of the body, but it mainly focuses on the lungs.
Symptoms of TB include a constant cough lasting over three weeks (usually bringing up
phlegm which may contain blood), loss in weight, high temperature, swellings in the neck,
etc. TB is generally curable; a patient will be prescribed a course of antibiotics for around six
months. Different antibiotics are prescribed because some forms of TB are resistant to some
antibiotics. If a patient is infected with a drug resistant form of TB, six or more medications
may be needed for treatment.
Fungi:
Fungi are eukaryotic cells that can be unicellular (yeast) or multicellular (mushrooms). The
size of fungi depends on the type of fungi it is, most microscopic fungi are 2 – 10µm in
diameter. The study of fungi is called Mycology.
Structure of fungi:
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