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Summary Origins of the Cold War complete timeline
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1945February 11th: The Yalta Conference, a week-long meeting between Joseph
Stalin, Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt, concludes in the Crimea.
Among the questions discussed are the future of post-war Germany and
European nations previously occupied by the Nazis.
March 6th: A pro-Soviet government is installed in Romania.
April 12th: Franklin Roosevelt dies at his presidential retreat in Georgia. His
vice president, Harry Truman, assumes the presidency.
May 8th: Nazi leaders surrender to the Allies, bringing World War II to an end
in Europe.
June 26th: A multilateral conference ends in San Francisco, having drafted a
charter for the United Nations.
July 17th: Stalin, Churchill and Truman attend another wartime conference in
Potsdam, Germany.
July 24th: Truman informs Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that the US has a
devastating new weapon. Stalin, however, is already aware of the Manhattan
Project and the atomic bomb.
July 26th: Churchill loses a general election and Clement Atlee becomes prime
minister of Britain. Atlee replaces Churchill in Potsdam for the remainder of the
conference.
August 2nd: The Potsdam conference concludes. Among its resolutions are the
occupation, demilitarisation and ‘de-Nazification’ of Germany. The Potsdam
agreement also guaranteed independence and self-government for Poland.
August 6th: The Americans detonate an atomic weapon over the Japanese
industrial city of Hiroshima. Between 90,000 and 166,000 people are killed, the
majority of them civilians.
August 8th: The Soviet Union declares war on Japan.
August 9th: The US detonates another atomic weapon, this time over the city
of Nagasaki. A further 40,000-80,000 Japanese are killed.
August 14th: Japan surrenders unconditionally to the Allies.
August 17th: Soviet and American officials agree to occupy northern and
southern Korea respectively, with the 38th parallel forming the central border.
September 2nd: Japanese officials sign the instrument of surrender onboard the
American battleship USS Missouri. This brings World War II to an end.
September 5th: Igor Gouzenko, a member of the Soviet diplomat corps in
, Ottawa, defects to Canada. He produces documentary evidence of Soviet
espionage, both in Canada and other Western countries. Some historian consider
Gouzenko’s defection and revelations the starting point for the Cold War.
December 27th: A trilateral conference between the foreign ministers of
Britain, the US and the Soviet Union concludes in Moscow. Their meetings
finalise post-World War II peace treaties and discuss the developing situation in
both China and Korea.
1946
January 7th: Austria is separated from Germany and divided into American,
British, French and Soviet occupation zones.
January 10th: The United Nations General Assembly holds its first meeting in
London.
January 11th: The People’s Socialist Republic of Albania is formed, with
Enver Hoxha as its first prime minister.
January 19th: Iran lodges a complaint with the United Nations of Soviet
interference in the Iranian government.
January 30th: The United Nations Security Council urges the Soviet Union to
withdraw its troops from Iran.
January 31st: The Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia passes its first
constitution, modelled on the Soviet constitution.
February 9th: Joseph Stalin delivers a speech to voters in Moscow in which he
blames World War II – and indeed most wars – on capitalist economic systems.
February 22nd: US diplomatic George Kennan sends his ‘Long Telegram’,
evaluating the political aims of the Soviet Union and making recommendations
for American foreign policy.
March 2nd: British soldiers withdraw from southern Iran, however Soviet
forces remain in the north of the country. This marks the culmination of
the Iran Crisis.
March 5th: Former British prime minister Winston Churchill, speaking at a
college in Fulton, Missouri, warns of the “Iron Curtain” descending on Europe.
March 24th: After weeks of diplomatic pressure Moscow agrees with withdraw
Soviet troops from Iran. This occurs over the next fortnight.
March 30th: A civil war erupts in Greece between Greek government forces
and communist revolutionaries. Greece will remain in a state of civil war until
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