This document is an in depth summary of the Education and Methods in Context components of the AQA A Level Sociology course and contains all the details needed to achieve excellent grades in this subject along with example paragraphs for ten markers and notes on exam technique!!
Sociology: EDUCATION
Education: Functionalism -
● Durkheim: social solidarity and specialist skills
● Parsons - meritocracy / achieved status and value transmission
● Davis and Moore - role allocation
Education: Neoliberalism -
● meritocracy and marketisation
● Chubb and Moe - voucher system
Education: Marxist -
● Althusser - ideological state apparatus
● Bowles and Gintis - correspondence principle / hidden curriculum
● Willis - learning to labour 12 w/c lads
Class and Achievement - external
factors
● Sugarman - present time orientation, fatalism, collectivism, immediate gratification
● Feinstein - w/c parents don’t care about education
● Bernstein - elaborated and restricted code
● Smith and Noble - cost of education
● Gerwitz - m/c can choose better schools
● Bourdieu - cultural capital / symbolic violence
Class and Achievement - internal
factors
● Gillborn and Youdell - m/c pupils seen as more capable / A*- C economy
● Ball, Hargreaves and Lacey - m/c banded, set and streamed into higher ability
groups than w/c
● Ball - setting= social barbarism
● Bartlett - cream skimming and silt shifting
● Archer - Nike identities / hyper-hetero fem. identities
Gender and Achievement - external
factors
● Girls outperform boys (GCSE English= ⅔ of girls get A* - C where only ½ of boys)
, ● McRobbie - 1970s magazines= marriage 1990s= career
● Sharpe - 1970s girls said they wanted family 1990s said career
Gender and Achievement - internal
factors
● GIST and WISE
● Role models in school- more women teachers
● Mitsos and Browne - coursework advantages girls / decline in masculine jobs
● Girls favoured by teachers
● Weiner - less sexist textbooks
● Jackson - league tables make girls more desirable
● Francis - boy’s career expectations are unrealistic
● Mac An Ghaill - macho-laddish subculture / male gaze
● Murphy and Elwood - girls socialised into humanities
● Kelly - sciences seen as male dominated
Ethnicity and Achievement
● Keddie - BAME = different not deprived
● Wood et Al - job applications with ‘non-white’ names turned over more
● Gillborn and Mirza - high attainment of indian pupils shows english as second
language not a problem
● Driver- asian parents have higher expectations
● Mary Fuller - w/c black girls defied expectations and achieved
● Sewell - teachers see black boys as macho and disruptive
● Wright- ethnocentric views
● Troyna and Williams - eurocentric curriculum
Education and Policy
● 1870 education act
● 1918 education act - raised school leaving age to 14
● 1944 Butler act- secondary education for all up to age of 15
● 1965 comprehensivisation - labour made comp. Schools based on catchment area
● Neoliberal:
- Marketisation and parentocracy
- National curriculum
- Diversifying school choice
● New Labour:
- Specialist schools
- Academisation
- Free-childcare
- Means testing of tuition fees
● Coalition:
- Stay in education until 18
- Higher tuition fees
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