Concentrate on keeping up your standards
Learning Aim A: Undertake titration and colorimetry to determine the concentration of
solutions
Introduction
In this report I am going to be explaining the safe uses of lab equipment and how to calibrate
them. I will also be explaining the different types of glassware, how to safely use them and how
to measure them. I will be doing different methods of titration and I will be explaining how to do
calorimetry and what method to use.
Different types of glassware
This allows to specific amount of volumes of
Pipette (non-graduated – without lines)
solutions accurately
Pipette (graduated – with lines) Takes specific volumes but bigger
Burette Allows to hold accurate volumes
Can create colutions but mainly the shape
Conical flask
allows you to be able to swirl solutions
Titration:
Standard solution: Sodium Carbonate
Equipment:
Balance
Spatula
Sodium Carbonate
Weighing boat
250cm3 Beaker
Distilled water
Stirring rod
Funnel
250cm3 Volumetric flask
Stopper (lid)
White board pen
Safety:
Goggles
Lab coat
Method:
, 1. Place the empty weighing boat onto the balance and then reset (tare) the balance to 0.
2. Next use a spatula to take out the sodium carbonate and place it into the weighing boat
till it reaches 2.65g. (Keep the lid on the sodium carbonate when you are not using it).
3. After that transfer the sodium carbonate into a 250cm3 beaker.
4. Then washout the weighing boat into the 250cm3 beaker with distilled water so that no
powder gets left behind, also do not pour in water more than 250cm3.
5. Get the stirring rod and start stirring the sodium carbonate, you can also break apart the
large chunks with the end of the stirring rod, you will need to stir till all the sodium
carbonate powder has dissolved.
6. Get a 250cm3 volumetric flask and put a funnel on top, washout the stirring rod into the
250cm3 beaker with distilled water, after this transfer the solution made in the 250cm3
beaker to the 250cm3 volumetric flask using the funnel.
7. Your solution should be below the 250cm3 line on the volumetric flask, if that is so then
you will need to pour in additional distilled water till it reaches the 250cm3 line, you read
the measurement of the distilled water from the bottom of the dip (meniscus).
8. Finally, put the stopper on top of the 250cm3 volumetric flask, twist the top a little so that
it is quite tight.
9. Label the 250cm3 volumetric flask with a white board pen: Sodium carbonate (aq), 0.1M,
[Name], [Date].
Risk Assessment:
Hazard Risk Precaution Action
Beaker Shattering of glass Handle with care Handle with care
- Goggles: so that
the sodium
carbonate does not Wear goggles and
get into your eyes gloves. Also close
Sodium Carbonate Irritant
- Gloves: so that the the lid after
sodium carbonate use/when not in use.
does not harm your
skin.
Volumetric flask Shattering of glass Handle with care Handle with care
Mole Calculations and Concentration:
1. Work out Mr of Na2CO3: Sodium – (23 x 2), Carbon – 12, Oxygen – (16 x 3). 46 + 12
+ 48. Mr = 106
2. Work out moles of Na2CO3 in 2.65g: mol = mass/Mr. 2.65/106. Moles = 0.025mol
3. Work out concentration of 2.65g of Na2CO3 in 250cm3: Convert cm3 to dm3. Divide
cm3 by 1000. 250/1000 = 0.25. Concentration = Moles/Volume. 0.025/0.25.
Concentration = 0.1mol/dm3.
, Rough Titration
Equipment:
50cm3 Burette
Distilled water
Hydrochloric acid
Funnel
25cm3 Pipette
Pipette filler – pi-pump
Sodium carbonate solution in 250cm3 volumetric flask
250cm3 Conical flask
Indicator (I used methyl orange)
Clamp stand
3x 250cm3 beakers
Safety:
Goggles
Lab coat
Method:
1. Clamp the 50cm3 burette onto the clamp stand. And put a 250cm3 beaker under the
50cm3 burette. Make sure the stopcock on the 50cm3 burette is horizontal as this means
that it is closed.
2. Fill the 50cm3 burette with distilled water using a funnel and then turn the stopcock so
that it is vertical - this means that it is open.
3. Once all the distilled water from the 50cm3 burette has been drained into the beaker, turn
the stopcock back to its horizontal position.
4. (I filled and drained the burette with distilled water twice).
5. Pour in the hydrochloric acid using a funnel and then open the stopcock on the burette.
The beaker in the bottom can be the same as we will not be needing its contents – we are
just calibrating the 50cm3 burette.
6. Once the hydrochloric acid has been drained close the stopcock, take away the funnel and
take away the 250cm3 beaker below the burette and empty it out in the sink.
7. (I filled and drained the burette with hydrochloric acid twice.)
8. Then pour the hydrochloric acid again into the 50cm3 burette till it reaches 0 – and make
sure the stopcock is closed.
9. After all this get another 250cm3 beaker and pour at least 200cm3 of distilled water into
it. Then get a pipette and pipette filler. To put the pipette filler onto the pipette you just
hold the top of the pipette (the thin glass) and carefully insert it into the pipette filler by
pushing it gently and twisting it on.
10. Then put the tip of the pipette below the surface of the distilled water or near the bottom
of the 250cm3 beaker. And then on the pi-pump pipette filler there is a knurled wheel, by
turning this the distilled water will get sucked up. Allow the distilled water to reach a bit
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