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The Earth, the position and the content.
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This note explain briefly about the position of our earth in the universe. Also explain about what in the Earth.
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Jakarta, Perguruan Cikini, Geography ClassThe Earth, the position and the content and notes
The earth is a great globe of rock surrounded by an envelope of air. Water lies in basins in the rock,
making oceans, seas, and lakes. About 71 percent of the earth’s surface is water and 29 percent is land.
The earth is constantly changing. It is not the same as when it was first formed. It does not look as it did
several million years ago or even 100 years ago.
Earth’s place in the solar system
The earth is one of nine planets traveling around the sun. The sun and its planet are called the solar
system. The earth’s average distance from the sun in 93,000,000 miles. Two planets, Mercury and
Venus, are nearer to the sun. The other six are all farther away. A satellite, the moon, travels with the
earth in its path around the sun. The moon revolves around the earth once every 28 days or so.
The earth’s motion
The most northerly spot on the earth is called the North Pole, and the most southerly spot is called the
South Pole. Imagine a line going right to the center of the earth, connecting the North Pole and the
South Pole. This imaginary line is the earth’s axis, on which the earth spins as it moves through space.
The earth rotates, or spins, on its axis from west to east. The direction of the earth’s rotation makes the
sun appear to rise in the east and set in the west. The earth makes a complete rotation about every 24
hours, which is the earth’s day. As each part of the earth faces the sun, it is in daylight. As it faces away
it is in night. At any one time during the earth’s day, about half of the earth is in daylight while the other
half is in night.
While it is rotating, the earth is also traveling around the sun. It takes about 365¼ days to complete its
orbit. This is the earth’s period of revolution, its year.
The shape of the earth
The earth is not perfectly round. Nearly 300 years ago the English scientist Isaac Newton correctly
predicted the earth’s shape. The earth is slightly flattened at the poles and has a bulge of equator. The
equator is an imaginary line around the earth. The line is exactly halfway between the poles. In recent
years scientist have learned the there is another very small bulge at the North Pole. They say, therefore,
that the earth is somewhat pear-shaped.
Gravity and centrifugal effect
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