Package deal Psychology exam and summary notes. Helpful for understanding and assessment objectives and how the exam will require AO1-AO3 and how to answer these. The notes follow a poster layout form whilst following the AO criteria
, Conformity – for
OUTLINE AND EVALUATE NORMATIVE AND INFORMATIONAL INFLUENCE EXPLANATIONS OF
that results from
CONFORMITY majority posi on
compliance with
Kelman (1958) proposed 3 TYPES OF CONFORMITY:
Compliance – occurs when individual accepts in uence because hope to achieve
COMPLIANCE
favourable reac on from those around. A tude/behaviour adopted not because Internalisa on – occurs wh
INTERNALISATION
of content but because of rewards of approval associated with adop on. accepts in uence because c
IDENTIFCATION
or behaviour proposed is co
EXPLANATIONS FOR CONFORMITY ISI– form of in uence, which is result of NSI – form of in uence whereby individual value system.
NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE desire to be right. Looking to others as conforms with expecta ons of majority in order
INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE way of gaining evidence about reality. to gain approval or avoid social disapproval. Iden ca on – form
individual adopts a
EXAMPLE You may be persuaded to try smoking because want to be
SEE SOCIAL INFLUENCE EXAMPLE You may not know the answer to a because all your friends are, even though you
ques on in class, but if most of other students par cular person or
PAGES DOCUMENT FOR know it is an unhealthy behaviour.
agree, you go along with them because you feel
MORE INFO they are probably right.
Research support for NSI
Research support for ISI
E = Lucas et al. (2006): asked students to give answers to easy + more E = Asch (1951): asked ppts to explain why agreed with wrong a
di cult maths problems. ‘self-conscious’ giving right answer + afraid of disapproval.
E= found more conformity to incorrect answers when problems E= another study: Asch asked ppts to write down answers ! c
di cult = especially for students who rated maths ability poor. fell 12.5% (compared to 33% when answers given out loud in fr
L = people conform in situa ons where don’t know answer (ISI): we L = supports NSI’s validity as explana on for conformity.
look to others + assume they know be er than us + must be right.
Limita on NSI = individual di erences.
Limita on ISI = individual di erences. E = People who care more about being liked more a ected by N
ISI doesn’t a ect everyone’s behaviour in same way. nA liators: people who have greater need for social rela onsh
E = Asch found students less conformists (28%) than other ppts (37%). E = McGhee + Teevan (1967): found students who nA liators m
E = supported by Perrin & Spencer’s (1980) research involving science conform. The desire to be liked underlies conformity for some p
+ engineering students (only 1 conformed/ 396 trials). than others.
L = means this explana on isn't true of everyone = lacks validity. L = argued that one general theory does not cover fact there ar
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